Download Julie Valois- Egyptian Journal File

Table of Contents
1- Egypt Vocab #1
2- lifeline of the Nile BSNs 3- ancient Egypt map
4- life in Egypt Vocab #2
5- life in Egypt FIB activity ( BSNs after,
NR)
6- OA 1-14-14
7-Life in Egypt FIB presentation
8- OA 1-15-14
9- Ancient Egyptian Clothing
10- Nubia and Egypt T/F Activity 11- Fun facts of Egypt packet
12- OA 1-22-11
13- Test review 14- Mummified Apples
Julie Valois, 6 Blue
The Lifeline of the Nile Note Card List
Create note cards for the following terms:
Delta
Silt
Papyrus
Cataract
Upper Egypt
Lower Egypt
Nile River Valley
Hieroglyphics
Rosetta Stone
Pharaoh
The Nile River Valley
-In the 1970s there was a skeleton found in East Africa that was
about 3.5 million years old.
-Now they have only found enough artifacts to learn about
African civilizations from about 5,000 BC.
-Nile River Valley was an ideal place for civilizations to thrive in
northeastern Africa
-Egypt depended on Agriculture, but it gets little rain.
-Nile River brought life to those who lived by it.
-Nile is the longest River in the world. More than 4,000 feet. -The Nile flows through a delta, or a triangular shaped area of soil
at the mouth of a River that looks like fingers spread out.
-Water flowing northward carried silt, or a mixture of small rocks
and soil.
-The delta was located in lower Egypt, which lies to the north of
upper Egypt.
- Nile irrigated land that stretched from 5 miles from the River. Page 78
Giver of Life
-Memphis was a place near the Nile planted seeds after the niles
floods and harvested in late summer. -They called this black land, because it was very fertile.
-Not far from the Nile there is a desert known as "red land"'by
the Egyptians. -No crops could grow there.
-Wheat and barley were the most important crops. Farmers
also grew vegetables.
-Papyrus was a valuable crop because it's stems could be used
as paper.
-Papyrus was widely used for record keeping.
-Nile was also transportation, but there were some roadblocks.
-Six cataracts, or waterfalls, break up the flow of the Nile. -This made it impossible to sail directly from Nile delta to South
Africa without having to take the boat out of water. Taker of life -Though the Nile flooded regularly, it wasn't always in the same
way. If it was caused by rain, it would over flow a destroy crops,
and some people lost their lives.
-If this happened, Egyptians used food from surplus harvests. -Egyptians were polytheistic
-Amon Ra, the main god, was represented by the sun.
-The Egyptians noticed that the moon changed slightly every
night, and used this information to predict when the Nile would
flood,
-They used a calendar to keep track of cycles.they determined
that the Nile would flood between May and September. This and
irrigation canals helped the Egyptians solve their Nile problems
Julie Valois
Menes
Memphis
Manetho
Rosetta
Pharoah
Mummification
Zoser
Great Pyramid
Middle Kingdom
Chariot
Women
BSNs for Life in Egypt, pages 84-90
Unifying Egypt
-upper Egypt and lower Egypt each had their own kings
-upper Egypt- white crown lower Egypt- red crown
- to symbol that they were unified
- king Menes led his army north to Egypt wearing the
double crown. According to legend.
-some think that kings Scorpion and namer united the
kingdoms.
-
On dragon app
Egypt Vocab #2 – Life in Egypt
Make notecards for the following terms:
Giza
Deir el-Medina
ON FLASH CARD APP
Menes
Manetho
Khufu
Hatshepsut
Akhenaten
Unify
Pharaoh
Hieroglyphics
Pyramid
Mummy
Economy
Rosetta Stone
Deir el-Medina
Hatshepsut
Opening Activity 1/14/14
1. What is the name of the city in Egypt where the Great
Pyramid is located? _______________________________
Giza
2. What is the name of the legendary Egyptian king who is
credited with uniting Upper and Lower Egypt?
_______________________________
Menes
3. What is the name of the Egyptian priest and adviser who
began keeping records of ancient Egyptian kings?
_________________________________
Manetho
4. The Great Pyramid in Egypt was built for this pharaoh. What
is his name? ___________________________
Pharoah Khufu
5. To unite, combine, or bring together.
______________________________
Unify
“The Gift of the Nile”
!
" Egypt depended on the _____________________.
" Without it, Egypt would be a ________________
because Egypt receives little rainfall.
" When the Nile River flooded it deposited _________
which made the area around the river more fertile.
" To increase the number of crops that Egyptians
could grow they would dig canals to carry water to
the fields. This is known as _______________.
" The Nile was also an excellent transportation route.
" It provided access with the Mediterranean Sea which
allowed Egyptians to __________ with other regions.
Critical Thinking
!
" How would the vast deserts on the east and west of
the Nile River Valley actually help Egyptians?
It would be harder for others to invade. You would not have to worry about
a lot of wild animals.
!
Unifying Egypt
!
" The villages of Upper and Lower Egypt had
developed into two separate kingdoms early in
Egypt’s history.
" They are believed to have joined by
___________________of Upper Egypt.
" Where the two kingdoms met he built a city of
_______________, his capital.
" Menes rule began the first ________________ of
Egypt.
" Dynasty - ____________________________________
Crowns of Early Egypt
!
Ruler of Egypt
!
" The ruler of Egypt was is known as a _________________
and was seen as a king and a __________.
" Most pharaohs saw themselves as protectors of the
people and so tried to rule fairly.
" The pharaoh was responsible for all aspects of life in
Egypt.
!
!
!
!
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
Ruler of Egypt
!
" The pharaohs had help.
" Manny ___________________________to watch over
the details of the government.
" The most important was the ___________________.
!
!
!
!
Presided over the royal court.
Acted as a diplomat
Collected taxes
In charge of construction in the kingdom.
" Other officials helped the chief overseer carry out
details of running the Egyptian government.
Pharaoh
!
Critical Thinking
!
" We do not know much about kings and the life in
Egypt until the third dynasty. Why do you think
that is?
There were not many written records before this time.
Egyptian Records
!
" We know about the pharaohs because of the
_________________Egyptians kept.
" Egyptians developed a system of writing based on
pictures called _________________________.
" Hieroglyphic symbols stood for
____________________________________
" They were carved on clay tablets or written on
paper.
" It took years ___________to learn how to be a scribe.
" Scribes were always in ______________________.
The Rosetta Stone
!
" Archaeologists did not know how to read the
hieroglyphics they found on Egyptian buildings and
artifacts for a long time.
" In 1799 AD French engineers dug up a
_____________________that had been carved in 196
AD. It contained three kinds of writing.
! ___________________
! _______________________________________________
! ________________________
Rosetta Stone
!
Dividing the Kingdoms
!
" Historians divided the early history of Egypt into
___________ periods when strong dynasties united
the country.
" They called these periods the
! ____________________
! ____________________
! ____________________
Old Kingdom
!
" During the Old Kingdom, Egyptians started
_______________________________
" The Old Kingdom is often called the _________________
" The Great Pyramids at Giza and the Great Sphinx were
built during the Old Kingdom.
Pyramids
!
" Pyramids were used as ___________ for the ___________
of Egypt.
" Egyptians believed that the god-kings remained
______________________and the pyramid was their
______________
" There buried with their _________________________
______________________.
" The Egyptians used a process called ___________________
to preserve the body of the pharaoh.
" The whole process took ________________
The Step Pyramid of Djoser
!
" The first Egyptian pyramid looked different from the
Great Pyramids of Giza.
" It was a Step
___________________for
a pharaoh named
pyramid that was built in Saqqara
_______________
Zoser
" The architect for this project was a man named
__________________
Imhotep
Step Pyramid of Djoser
!
Height – ____________
Perimeter – ___________
Area- ________________________
The Great Pyramid at Giza
!
" Built for the pharaoh _____________
Khufu
" Estimated to have taken _________________________
20 years and 20,000 people to build
______________
" __________________________
NO SLAVE LABOR WAS USED
The Great Pyramid at Giza
!
Height – ___________
Perimeter – ____________
!
" The three large pyramids at Giza: From left to right, Menkaure,
Khafre, Khufu. The far pyramid is the "Great Pyramid" and the
largest structure on the site. The middle one may look larger,
but only because it is built on higher ground.
The Middle Kingdom
!
" During the Middle Kingdom ___________
is made
Thebes
the capital of Egypt.
" _____________________________
Trade and exploration flourish
! Expeditions are sent south to Nubia for gold .
! Traders traveled to Palestine, Syria, and Crete in the
Mediterranean.
" The end of the Middle Kingdom ends with Egypt
A group called Hyskos.
being conquered by ____________________________
" _______________________________________________
They had horses, chariots, and better weapons than Egyptians
_______________________________________________
The New Kingdom
!
To use the Hyskos' weapons against them
" Egyptians learned ______________________________
and they regained control of Egypt.
" Pharaohs built an empire by ____________________.
Conquering land
" Their empire reached the ____________
in
Euphrates
Mesopotamia and __________________.
Southern Africa
" The New Kingdom is sometimes called the
________________.
The Empire Age
Opening Activity 1-15-14
1. Is Upper Egypt is in southern or northern Egypt?
________________________________________________
Southern
2. What is the way people use and manage resources known
as? _________________________________
Economy
3. Who was the queen of Ancient Egypt who proclaimed
herself pharaoh and ruled during the New Kingdom?
____________________________
Hatshepsut
4. What is the term used for a preserved dead body?
________________________________
Mummification
5. What is the name of the village built for workers at the
Valley of the Kings in Egypt?
_______________________________
Deir-el Mendina
Walk like an Egyptian Day is October 31st!
Rules to follow.
What to wear?
!
"Question!
"What do you think determines the type of
clothing you and I wear every day?
"Answer!
"Climate: the weather conditions of a region.
"Give me some examples.
The Basics
!
" Due to the climate, Egyptians wore clothes made
mostly of linen.
" Linen was made from a plant that was grown in
Egypt called flax.
" Linen is a light natural fabric that allows your skin to
breathe, air to circulate, and your body temperature
to remain low.
Not Just the Climate…
!
" Besides climate, what is another factor that
determined the type of clothing a person might have
worn?
" Answer: Their wealth.
Male Garments
!
" Men would typically wear kilts or tunics.
! Kilt - a skirt that is worn by a male.
! Tunic - is a loose fitting garment that, for men, would
come down to their knees.
" Men who worked outside would only wear kilts to
try to stay as cool as possible.
" Wealthy men would wear tunics as well as many
other articles of Egyptian clothing.
Female Garments
!
" Women typically wore a long, closely fitting dress of
fine fabric that was called a kalasiris.
" The long dress would end close to the ankles.
" The kalasiris and tunic were just one part of the
elaborate Egyptian style of dress.
Headdresses
!
" Wigs were worn by men and women of high society.
" The primary function of the wig was as a headdress
for special occasions, such as ceremonies and
banquets.
" Wigs were made of human hair with plant fibers or
wool from sheep.
" Peasant women tied and decorated their hair with
flowers and ribbons.
" Children decorated their hair with charms of small
fish to protect them from the dangers of the Nile.
Ancient Egyptian Wigs
!
• Royal people held their wigs in place with
a jeweled crown called a diadem.
• Common people would use headbands,
metal hairpins, or beads to attach wigs.
Crowns
!
" Crowns and headdresses were mostly made of
organic materials and have not survived but we
know what they looked like from many pictures and
statues.
" The best known crown is from Tutankhamen's
golden death mask.
Crowns
!
" This was called the Nemes crown and was made of
striped cloth.
" It was tied around the head, covered the neck and
shoulders, and was knotted into a tail at the back.
" The brow was sometimes decorated with a cobra and
a vulture which were meant to protect the pharaoh.
Jewelry
!
" The Ancient Egyptians wore jewelry to show their
wealth and also because they believed it made them
more attractive to the gods.
" They wore rings, ear-rings, bracelets, decorated
buttons, necklaces, neck collars and pendants.
" Only the very rich could afford jewelry made of gold
and precious stones.
" Ordinary people made jewelry from colored pottery
beads.
Collars
!
" Wide collars were made of gold, precious stones,
glass beads, flowers, berries, and leaves.
" They were worn for banquets and other special
occasions by wealthy Egyptians.
Make-Up for Everyone
!
" Worn by both women and men.
" Included:
! Eye shadow from a mineral called malachite
! Black eyeliner (Kohl) from galena, a type of lead.
! Lipstick from henna and red ochre (a type of clay)
The False Beard
!
" The beard was not in fashion and men shaved facial
hair but beards were considered to be sacred to the
gods and therefore to the Pharaohs.
" The beard was considered to be a divine symbol of
the gods.
" Depictions of Pharaohs, both the Kings and some
Queens, are seen wearing false plaited (braided)
beards.
The False Beard
!
" These false beards were religious symbols of the
Pharaohs emphasizing their status as a living god.
" The bizarre false beards were tightly knotted and
plaited (braided) and hooked behind the ears.
" They were worn on important religious and other
ceremonial occasions.
Famous Footwear?
!
" The wealthy would typically have sandals that were
made from fine leather.
" The common or poor Egyptian used sandals made of
papyrus or woven grass.
" Many people in ancient Egypt went barefoot their
entire lives!!
Julie Valois
T
T
F
Merotic has not been decoded yet.
F
They believed in many gods.
T
T
T
F
Egypt expanded into Nubia
T
T
F
Meroë did not start at 350 AD, IT ENDED.
Egyptian Fun Fact QR Code Scavenger Hunt
Ancient Egyptian Clothing – Use the presentation on Moodle to fill in the blanks.
The Basics
•
•
•
Due to the climate, Egyptians wore clothes made mostly of linen.
Linen was made from a plant that was grown in Egypt called flax.
Linen is a light natural fabric that allows your skin to breathe, air to circulate, and your body temperature to
remain low.
Not Just the Climate
•
Besides climate, what is another factor that determined the type of clothing a person might have worn?
o Answer: Their wealth.
Male Garments
•
•
•
Men would typically wear kilts or tunics.
o Kilt - a skirt that is worn by a male.
o Tunic - is a loose fitting garment that, for men, would come down to their knees.
Men who worked outside would only wear kilts to try to stay as cool as possible.
Wealthy men would wear tunics as well as many other articles of Egyptian clothing.
Female Garments
•
•
•
Women typically wore a long, closely fitting dress of fine fabric that was called a kalasiris.
The long dress would end close to the ankles.
The kalasiris and tunic were just one part of the elaborate Egyptian style of dress.
Headdresses
•
•
•
•
•
Wigs were worn by men and women of high society.
The primary function of the wig was as a headdress for special occasions, such as ceremonies and banquets.
Wigs were made of human hair with plant fibers or wool from sheep.
Peasant women tied and decorated their hair with flowers and ribbons.
Children decorated their hair with charms of small fish to protect them from the dangers of the Nile.
Ancient Egyptian Wigs
•
•
Royal people held their wigs in place with a jeweled crown called a diadem.
Common people would use headbands, metal hairpins, or beads to attach wigs.
Crowns
•
•
•
•
•
Crowns and headdresses were mostly made of organic materials and have not survived but we know
what they looked like from many pictures and statues.
The best known crown is from Tutankhamen's golden death mask.
This was called the Nemes crown and was made of striped cloth.
It was tied around the head, covered the neck and shoulders, and was knotted into a tail at the back.
The brow was sometimes decorated with a cobra and a vulture which were meant to protect the
pharaoh.
Jewelry
•
•
•
The Ancient Egyptians wore jewelry to show their wealth and also because they believed it made
them more attractive to the gods.
They wore rings, ear-rings, bracelets, decorated buttons, necklaces, neck collars and pendants.
Only the very rich could afford jewelry made of gold and precious stones.
Ordinary people made jewelry from colored pottery beads.
•
•
Wide collars were made of gold, precious stones, glass beads, flowers, berries, and leaves.
They were worn for banquets and other special occasions by wealthy Egyptians.
•
Collars
Make-up for Everyone
•
•
Worn by both women and men.
Included:
o Eye shadow from a mineral called malachite
o Black eyeliner (Kohl) from galena, a type of lead.
o Lipstick from henna and red ochre (a type of clay)
The False Beard
•
•
•
•
•
•
The beard was not in fashion and men shaved facial hair but beards were considered to be sacred to
the gods and therefore to the Pharaohs.
The beard was considered to be a divine symbol of the gods.
Depictions of Pharaohs, both the Kings and some Queens, are seen wearing false plaited (braided)
beards.
These false beards were religious symbols of the Pharaohs emphasizing their status as a living god.
The bizarre false beards were tightly knotted and plaited (braided) and hooked behind the ears.
They were worn on important religious and other ceremonial occasions.
Famous Footwear?
•
•
•
The wealthy would typically have sandals that were made from fine leather.
The common or poor Egyptian used sandals made of papyrus or woven grass.
Many people in ancient Egypt went barefoot their entire lives!!
The Mummification Process – Match the number on the QR Code with the number on this paper.
1. The mummification process was performed by priests called embalmers. They were specifically trained in
the mummification process. The chief embalmer was a priest wearing the mask of Anubis – the god of
mummification.
2. The first thing the ancient Egyptians did was rinse the body with good-smelling palm wine and rinse it with
water from the Nile.
3. Next they would remove all of the internal organs. These internal organs were washed in oil and then put
canopic jars. The lids of the canopic jars were carved with the heads of special gods who protected the
organs.
4. The heart was the only organ left in the body because the Egyptians thought the heart was the organ of life
force and intellect and that the person would need it in the afterlife.
5. The body was then covered in a kind of salt called natron which drew moisture from the body.
6. The body would then be wrapped and placed in a coffin and taken to their tomb.
Egyptian Gods and Goddesses
There are many Egyptian gods and goddesses. Explore the room and find information on the following gods
and goddesses.
Ra – The god of the sun
Ra was the most important god. He was the lord of all the gods. He was usually shown in human form with a
falcon head, crowned with the sun disc encircled by the sacred cobra.
Amun
Amun is considered the king of the gods. He is usually depicted as a man with a ram head. When Amun was
combined with the sun god Ra, he was even more powerful. He was then called Amun-Ra.
Anubis
God of mummification (embalming and the dead). His role was as the guardian to the necropolis. Priests often
wore a mask of Anubis during mummification ceremonies.
Horus
God of the sky. The Egyptians believed that the pharaoh was the “living Horus”.
Isis
Isis was a protective goddess. She used powerful magic spell to help people in need. Isis was the wife of Osiris
and the mother of Horus. Since each pharaoh was considered the “living Horus”, Isis is very important.
Isis is often shown holding Horus on her lap. Isis is associated with thrones because her lap was the first
“throne” that Horus sat upon.
Osiris
Osiris was the god of the dead and ruler of the underworld. As well as being the god of the dead, Osiris was the
god of resurrection.
The Building of a Pyramid – go to the website in the QR code to answer the following questions
When did begin planning his tomb? Planning began as soon as they took the throne.
Where were large blocks of stone for the pyramid cut from? They were cut from rock quarries nearby.
What was placed at the top of the pyramid? A special block covered in shining metal (either gold or
electrum)
Who were the three smaller pyramids built for? Khufu’s Queens
Opening Activity 1-22-14
Use your Egypt Fun Facts Packet to answer the following questions.
1. What was the name of the plant grown in ancient Egypt that was
used to make linen? _________________________________
Flax
2. What is the name of the skirt typically worn by men of ancient
Egypt? _________________________________
Kilt
3. What is the name of the containers that Egyptian embalmers
would store the pharaoh’s organs in?
___________________________________
Canopic jars
4. Which Egyptian deity was the god of mummification? Priests
would wear a mask of his head during the mummification process.
_________________________
Anubis
5. What was placed at the top of the Great Pyramid of Giza?
____________________________
Electrum
6. What was the name of the salt that was used in the
mummification process? ________________________________
Natron
Julie Valois
6 Blue
The Mediterranean
The Red Sea
The Nile River
The Nile delta
Giza
The Three Pyramids
Memphis
Thebes
Mount Sinai
First Cataract
Upper Egypt
Lower Egypt
Valley of the Kings
South
North
Black land
Red land
Elevation
Thebes
It flows this
Way because upper Egypt has a higher elevation, even though it's in the south
King Nemes
Zoster
Khufu
Old Kingdom
Step Pyramid The step
pyramid
Tombs
The Great Pyramid
Valley of Kings
The Underworld
Canopic Jars
The Heart
70 Days
Linen
Flax
A loose fitting garment that would go down to the knees
Diadem
Kalasiris
Their religion
Hieroglyphics
Rosetta Stone
Delta
Cataract
Papyrus
Silt
The Mediterranean
Heavy rain
The Nile was the giver of life because it was a source of water and watered crops.
The Nile was the taker of life because it flooded and could destroy crops and take peoples lives.
Pharaoh
Enslaved people
It would be hard for others to attack, because there was no water and it was hard to navigate.
Advisor
Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom
The pyramid age
It was invaded by the Hyskos
New Empire
Nubia
Because it was rich i resources
The Nubians had to have stronger tools because the ground was harder.