Download CRJU 2001: Study terms and questions for Exam #1

Below is an outline of the lecture material for the first exam. The readings associated
with the material are in parentheses beside the appropriate topic. Look on your disc in
the folder title exam #1 for the web page with the same title. Readings with the
descriptor "Reference" do not have any testable information in them but are strictly
provided to add clarity to the subject matter.
LECTURE OUTLINE: EXAM 1
1. HISTORY - INTRODUCTION
WHY WE STUDY?
2. PRELITERARY HISTORY (Reference: Human Evolution)
A. FOOD-GATHERER
B. FOOD-PRODUCER
C. MAN-THE CITY DWELLER
3. MESOPOTAMIA (Reference: Iraq History)
A. SUMERIAN CULTURE (Sumerians & Sumerians 2)
1. HISTORY
2. POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS
3. ECONOMY
4. RELIGION (Reference: Epic of Gilgamesh)
5. LAW CODES
B. BABYLONIA
1. SEMITIC AMORITES - HAMMURABI (Hammurabi)
2. ECONOMY
3. RELIGION
4. SOCIAL STRUCTURE
5. CODE OF HAMMURABI (Reference: Hammurabi's Code)
C. HEBREWS
1. POLITICAL HISTORY
A. ABRAHAM
B. EGYPT - (Akhenaton)
C. MOSES - EXODUS
D. MONARCHY - DAVID
E. CONQUERED - ASSYRIA, CHALDEA, PERSIA
2. SOCIAL CHANGES
3. RELIGIOUS CHANGES
A. PREMOSAIC STAGE
B. NATIONAL MONOLATRY
C. PROPHETIC REVOLUTION
D. POST-EXILIC PERIOD - PERSIAN INFLUENCE
(Zoroaster & Mithraism)
4. LAWS OF THE HEBREWS
A. THE TORAH
B. THE TEN COMMANDMENTS - EX. 34 THEN EX. 20
C. CRIMINAL, MORAL LAWS (Sanhedrin)
CRJU 2001: Study terms and questions for Exam #1
Lecture Terms
Ensi
Ditilla
Shapirum
Torah
Specialization
Dualism
Prophetic revolution
Abraham
Amenhotep IV
Messianism
Law codes
Hyksos
Assimilation
Exodus
Zoroastrianism
Hammarabi Jerusalem
Urech (Orook)
Lecture Questions
1. What effect did the ability to produce food have on the social bonds among early
people?
2. Describe early Sumerian culture and living arrangements.
3. What specific influences did the Sumerians have on Western culture?
4. Give the dates and a brief explanation of when the culture in Mesopotamia changed
hands.
5. Hammarabi established an empire. Explain how he did this both militarily and
administratively.
6. Discuss class differences found in early law codes. Be sure to give examples.
7 Identify and give a brief outline of the four stages of development in the early Jewish
faith.
8. Compare and contrast the two sets of Ten Commandments contained in Exodus. Be
sure to include an explanation of the differences and the reasons for them.
9. Discuss the position of women in early Western culture. Back it up with examples of
customs and laws in specific societies (including the Bible).
10. Discuss the concept of "separation of church and state", in Mesopotamia. Give
examples from each civilization.
11. How was the death penalty carried out in ancient Israel?
12. What are the connection points between each of the different cultures in
Mesopotamia?
Reading Terms
Akkad
Sumerian Calender
Ziggurats
Marduck
Aton
The Lie
Nasi
Babylon
Burearcracy
Inanna
Amenhotep IV
Ahura Mazda
Mithra
Code of Hammurabi
Pictographic
Polytheistic
Akhenaton
Gathas
Lex Talionis
Cuneiform
Gilgamesh
Egyptian Trinity
Ahriman
Anahita
Sanhedrin
Reading Questions
1. Discuss the meaning and function of "middle management" in Sumeria?
2. Discuss the Sumerians religious view. Specifically describe their beliefs and their
Gods.
3. What three points differentiate the Sumerian development of "Law" over other social
regulations?
4. Describe the relationships between the three parts of the Egyptian trinity and the
Egyptian view of life.
5. How did Akhenaton revolutionize Egypts religious beliefs?
6. Why did Akhenaton's view meet with such resistance? Be specific and give examples
7. Describe the relationship between Mazda and the Beneficent Immortals.
8. Describe some of the similar beliefs and shared traditions of Zoroasterianism and
Christianity.
9. How are Mithraism and Zoroasterianism connected?
10. Describe some of the similar beliefs and shared traditions of Mithraism and
Christianity.
11. Describe in detail how a Sanhedrin would hear a criminal case.