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HBORome-Scenes Saturday,February18,2017 6:18PM 51BC:CatoWarnstheSenateaboutCaesar CaesarisintheeighthyearofacommandinGaul.HispoliticalenemyCatowantsto forcehimtoreturntoRometofacetrial asawarcriminal.HispoliticalallyPompey defendsCaesarforthetimebeing. 49BC:AntonyThreatenstheSenate Caesar’sleadinglieutenant,MarcAntony,ismadeTribuneofthePlebs,asacred positionthatgiveshimavetooveranylegislationintheSenate.Hemeetsprivately withCato,Pompey,andCiceroandrelaysCaesar'soffertogiveuphiscommandand legionsinGaulandtokeeponlyonelegionandIllyricum.WhenCatorejectsCaesar's terms,AntonylodgesathreataboutCaesar’sabilitytomarchhisarmiesagainst Rome. 49BC:TheSenateDeclaresCaesaraPublicEnemy MetellusScipioproposesthatCaesarbedeclaredapublicenemy.TheSenatepasses themeasureamidstabrawl.Antony’attempttovetothemeasuregoesunheeded. 49BC:Caesar’sSpeechtothe13th LegionandtheCrossingoftheRubicon Despiteprecautions,violencebreaksoutbeforeAntonycanvetothemotion.Antony escapestoGaul,whereCaesarseizesontheviolenceasameanstorallyhistroopsto marchonRome.CaesarcrossestheborderintoItaly,wherehehasnolegalrightto commandanarmy,andbeginshismarchonRome. 48BC:TheBattleofPharsalus AfterabandoningRometoCaesar’slightningmarch,Pompeygathershistroopsin Greece,whereheandCaesarfightthedecisivebattleatPharsalus.Inamassiveclash betweentheformerallies,Caesarprevails. 48BC:Pompey’sCampaftertheBattleofPharsalus Pompey,Cato,MetellusScipio,Cicero,andBrutusreacttothedefeatofPompey’s Greece,whereheandCaesarfightthedecisivebattleatPharsalus.Inamassiveclash betweentheformerallies,Caesarprevails. 48BC:Pompey’sCampaftertheBattleofPharsalus Pompey,Cato,MetellusScipio,Cicero,andBrutusreacttothedefeatofPompey’s armyatPharsalus.CiceroandBrutusplantosurrendertoCaesar;CatoandScipio resolvetofightoninAfrica;PompeyresolvestofightoninEgypt 48BC:BrutusandCiceroSurrendertoCaesar CaesarwelcomesBrutusandCiceroandgrantsthempardons—hewantstoputthe civilwarinthepast..CaesarismystifiedthatPompeyhasnotchosentogiveupthe fight. 48BC:PompeyisKilledinEgypt PompeyisbetrayedwhenheattemptstofleetoEgypt 48BC:CaesarinEgypt CaesarandhisarmyfollowPompeytoEgyptexpectingabattleorreconciliation. CaesarmeetswiththeyoungkingPtolemyandhisadvisersintheEgyptiancourt. PtolemyhasagruesomesurpriseforCaesar—theheadofPompey.Caesarrecoilsin horrorthatsuchafateshouldbefallaconsulofRome. 47BC:Cicero,Brutus,andAntonyinRome(4:41) CiceroandBrutusconverseaboutlifeinRomewhileCaesarremainsinEgypt—Cicero pointsoutthattheyhavepledgednoloyaltytoAntony,onlytoCaesar.Antony overseesRomeinCaesar’sabsenceandintervenesinthediscussion.Antony threatensCicero;heknowsthatCiceromightchallenge hisauthority. 46BC:DeathsofCatoandScipio CatoandMetellusScipiocontinuethefightfortheRepublicinAfricabutloseto CaesarattheBattleofMunda.Aftertheirdefeat,theybothcommitsuiciderather thanacceptapardonfromCaesarandliveunderhisrule. 46BC:Caesar’sSpeechtotheSenate CaesarreturnsvictorioustoRome.CiceroandBrutusleadtheSenateinnaming CaesarDictator.CaesarofferstoworkwiththeSenateforthegoodofRomebutalso issuesathreat—hewillnotpardonhisopponentsasecondtime.Hedeclaresthatthe warisover. 46BC:Caesar’sSpeechtotheSenate CaesarreturnsvictorioustoRome.CiceroandBrutusleadtheSenateinnaming CaesarDictator.CaesarofferstoworkwiththeSenateforthegoodofRomebutalso issuesathreat—hewillnotpardonhisopponentsasecondtime.Hedeclaresthatthe warisover. 46BC:TheTriumphofJuliusCaesar AfteryearsoffightinginGsulandagainsthisfellowRomans,Caesaratlastcelebrates hisvictorywithaTriumph,thegreatestgloryforanyRoman.Caesar’sgreat-nephew OctavianservesasPontifexMaximusandbeginstheritual.Includedinthe celebrationistheexecutionofhisgreatopponentfromGaul,Vercingetorix. 44BC:Caesar’sConversationwithBrutus AftertwoyearsofrulinginRome,resentmentamongthenoblesintheSenatehas grownandrumorsofoppositionhavestartedtocirculate;Caesarisawarethatsome peoplearecallingonBrutustofollowtheexampleofhisancestor.CaesarandBrutus acknowledgethattheirrelationshipislikethatoffatherandson.Caesarconfronts Brutuswithaproposaltodefusethesituation—heoffersBrutusacommandin Macedonia--butBrutusleavesoffendedthatCaesardoesnottrusthim.Brutusnotes onlytyrantsneedfeartyrant-killers;heimpliesthatCaesar’sownfearsrevealhis tyranny. 44BC:TheMurderofJuliusCaesar AplotagainstCaesarculminateswithhisassassinationintheSenateontheIdesof March.CimberfirstengagesCaesar.Cascastrikesthefirstblow.Cassiushandsa knifetoBrutus.Brutusstrikesthefinalblow.
