Download List of Terms to Know for Lecture 2

BIO 211 – Human Anatomy
Study Guide
Topic: Organization, Terminology and Body Plan for the Human Body
Lectures 2 & 3
Objectives:
1. Understand the distinction between anatomy and physiology.
2. Be able to define the term hierarchy and explain how the human body is organized
hierarchically.
3. Know the 5 basic hierarchical levels of the human body.
4. Know the names and major organs of the 10 organ systems of the human body that
we will study.
5. Know the anatomical position of the human body and the reason for defining this
position. In other words, why is it needed?
6. Know the other two body positions and how they differ from the anatomical
position.
7. Know the 5 planes of section known as body planes and their significance for the
description and understanding of the human body.
8. Know and be able to demonstrate on your body, another student’s body, a model or
diagram the terms of direction.
9. Know and be able to point out on your body, another student’s body, model or
diagram the body parts and regions listed below under Terms to Know.
10. Know the body cavities, serous membranes and understand the term retroperitoneal.
Readings:
Chapter 1: Sections 1.2 Definition of Anatomy, 1.3 Structural Organization of the Body
and 1.4 Precise Language of Anatomy
Terms to Know and Understand:
Anatomy
Physiology
Hierarchy
Chemical level
Cellular level
Tissue level
Organ level
Organ system level
Organ Systems
Integumentary system
Skeletal system
Muscular system
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Nervous system
Cardiovascular system
BIO211 Study Guide for Lectures 2 & 3
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Urinary system
Reproductive system (male and female).
Body Positions - Anatomical position, Supine, Prone
Body planes and Sections – Midsagittal (median) plane, Sagittal (parasagittal)
plane, Transverse (horizontal, cross-sectional) plane, Coronal (frontal) plane,
Longitudinal section, Oblique section
Directional Terms - Superior (cranial), Inferior (caudal), Anterior, Posterior, Dorsal,
Ventral, Proximal, Distal, Lateral, Medial, Superficial, Deep
Body Regions:
Cephalic (head) – orbital (eye), nasal (nose), oral (mouth), auricular (ear), buccal
(cheek)
Cervical (neck)
Trunk
- Thoracic (thorax)
- Abdominal (abdomen)
- Pelvic (pelvis)
- Dorsal (back)
o Deltoid (shoulder)
o Vertebral (spinal column)
- Gluteal (buttock)
Upper limb
- Axillary (armpit)
- Brachial (arm)
- Antebrachial (forearm)
- Manus (hand)
o Carpal (wrist)
o Digital (finger)
Lower limb - Coxal (hip)
- Femoral (thigh)
- Patellar (kneecap)
- Popliteal (hollow behind knee)
- Crural (leg)
- Pes (foot)
o Tarsal (ankle)
o Digital (toe)
o Calcaneal (heel of foot)
Body Cavities and Serous Membranes - Thoracic cavity, Abdominal cavity,
Abdominopelvic cavity, Mediastinum, Pelvic cavity, Visceral serous membrane,
Parietal serous membrane, Pericardial cavity, Parietal pericardium, Visceral
pericardium, Pleural cavity, Parietal pleura, Visceral pleura, Peritoneal cavity,
Parietal peritoneum, Visceral peritoneum, Mesentery, Retroperitoneal organ
BIO211 Study Guide for Lectures 2 & 3
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Study Questions:
1. Suppose that there is a collection of human bones in front of you. If your task were
to reconnect these bones, you would need a good knowledge of a) anatomy or b)
physiology. Why?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. What two basic features best describe an organ? Hint: Read page 6 of your text.
i)
__________________________________________________________
ii)
__________________________________________________________
3. Match the following organs and tissues with their correct organ system. It is
possible to connect more than one organ or tissue with an organ system.
Organ and Tissue
a. Cartilage
Organ System
i. Cardiovascular
b. Brain
ii. Urinary
c. Salivary glands
iii. Integumentary
d. Lung
iv. Digestive
e. Vein
v. Skeletal
f. Hair
vi. Nervous
g. Stomach
vii. Respiratory
h. Diaphragm
viii. Reproductive
i. Ovary
ix. Muscular
j. Gall bladder
k. Kidney
l. Mammary gland
m. Heart
BIO211 Study Guide for Lectures 2 & 3
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n. Spinal cord
o. Eye
4. The gallbladder, liver, and stomach are all part of the
a) integumentary system
b) cardiovascular system
c) skeletal system
d) respiratory system
e) digestive system
5. Which of the following illustrates increasing levels of organizational complexity?
a) chemical
tissue
cellular
organ
organ system
b) chemical
cellular
tissue
organ
organ system
c) cellular
chemical
tissue
organ system
organ
d) organ system
organ
tissue
cellular
chemical
e) tissue
cellular
chemical
organ system
organ
6. The organ system with the function of regulation of the functions of other organ
systems, receiving information from your senses and initiation of a response would
be the ________________________________________________.
7. The organ system with the function of removing waste products from your body and
regulating the amount of water in the body would be the
_____________________________________________________.
8. The organ system with the function of producing movement of the body and its
appendages and maintaining posture would be the
_____________________________________________________.
9. The organ system with the function of delivering oxygen and nutrients to the cells
of the body and removing wastes such as carbon dioxide would be the
_____________________________________________________.
10. The organ system with the functions of support of the body, protection of soft
tissues and production of blood cells would be the
_____________________________________________________.
BIO211 Study Guide for Lectures 2 & 3
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11. A magician is to perform the illusion where he saws the body of his assistant into
superior and inferior parts. His saw would appear to pass along the
_______________ plane.
i) midsagittal
ii) transverse
iii) parasagittal
iv) frontal
v) oblique
12. An itch in your gluteal region would cause you to scratch your
i) thigh
ii) foot
iii) forearm
iv) armpit
v) buttock
13. Your right nostril is _______________ to your right ear.
i) medial
ii) lateral
iii) superior
iv) inferior
v) distal
14. Match the following organ(s) with its appropriate cavity. More than one organ may
be matched with a cavity.
Organ
a. Reproductive organs
Body Cavity/Serous Membrane Cavity
A. Pleural
b. Heart
B. Abdominal
c. Lung
C. Pelvic
d. Stomach
D. Pericardial
e. Liver
f. Urinary bladder
15. If you were facing a person who is in the proper anatomical position, then you
would be able to see the ____________________ region of the body.
i) gluteal
ii) calcaneal
iii) nasal
iv) popliteal
v) vertebral
BIO211 Study Guide for Lectures 2 & 3
page 6 of 6
16. Which of the following is not true of body cavities?
i) The diaphragm separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
ii) The most inferior cavity is the pelvic cavity.
iii) The mediastinum divides the thoracic cavity.
iv) The walls of body cavities are covered with visceral serous membrane.
v) The liver is located in the abdominal cavity.
17. Your skull is ________________ to your brain.
i) inferior
ii) distal
iii) deep
iv) medial
v) superficial
18. Where would you expect to find the femoral artery?
i) forearm
ii) wrist
iii) face
iv) thigh
v) arm pit
19. An organ that is covered by parietal peritoneum may be described as a
___________________________________________________ organ.
20. The two serous membranes that cover the diaphragm are the
_________________________________________________ and
__________________________________________________.