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BIO 211 – Human Anatomy Study Guide Topic: Organization, Terminology and Body Plan for the Human Body Lectures 2 & 3 Objectives: 1. Understand the distinction between anatomy and physiology. 2. Be able to define the term hierarchy and explain how the human body is organized hierarchically. 3. Know the 5 basic hierarchical levels of the human body. 4. Know the names and major organs of the 10 organ systems of the human body that we will study. 5. Know the anatomical position of the human body and the reason for defining this position. In other words, why is it needed? 6. Know the other two body positions and how they differ from the anatomical position. 7. Know the 5 planes of section known as body planes and their significance for the description and understanding of the human body. 8. Know and be able to demonstrate on your body, another student’s body, a model or diagram the terms of direction. 9. Know and be able to point out on your body, another student’s body, model or diagram the body parts and regions listed below under Terms to Know. 10. Know the body cavities, serous membranes and understand the term retroperitoneal. Readings: Chapter 1: Sections 1.2 Definition of Anatomy, 1.3 Structural Organization of the Body and 1.4 Precise Language of Anatomy Terms to Know and Understand: Anatomy Physiology Hierarchy Chemical level Cellular level Tissue level Organ level Organ system level Organ Systems Integumentary system Skeletal system Muscular system Respiratory system Digestive system Nervous system Cardiovascular system BIO211 Study Guide for Lectures 2 & 3 page 2 of 6 Urinary system Reproductive system (male and female). Body Positions - Anatomical position, Supine, Prone Body planes and Sections – Midsagittal (median) plane, Sagittal (parasagittal) plane, Transverse (horizontal, cross-sectional) plane, Coronal (frontal) plane, Longitudinal section, Oblique section Directional Terms - Superior (cranial), Inferior (caudal), Anterior, Posterior, Dorsal, Ventral, Proximal, Distal, Lateral, Medial, Superficial, Deep Body Regions: Cephalic (head) – orbital (eye), nasal (nose), oral (mouth), auricular (ear), buccal (cheek) Cervical (neck) Trunk - Thoracic (thorax) - Abdominal (abdomen) - Pelvic (pelvis) - Dorsal (back) o Deltoid (shoulder) o Vertebral (spinal column) - Gluteal (buttock) Upper limb - Axillary (armpit) - Brachial (arm) - Antebrachial (forearm) - Manus (hand) o Carpal (wrist) o Digital (finger) Lower limb - Coxal (hip) - Femoral (thigh) - Patellar (kneecap) - Popliteal (hollow behind knee) - Crural (leg) - Pes (foot) o Tarsal (ankle) o Digital (toe) o Calcaneal (heel of foot) Body Cavities and Serous Membranes - Thoracic cavity, Abdominal cavity, Abdominopelvic cavity, Mediastinum, Pelvic cavity, Visceral serous membrane, Parietal serous membrane, Pericardial cavity, Parietal pericardium, Visceral pericardium, Pleural cavity, Parietal pleura, Visceral pleura, Peritoneal cavity, Parietal peritoneum, Visceral peritoneum, Mesentery, Retroperitoneal organ BIO211 Study Guide for Lectures 2 & 3 page 3 of 6 Study Questions: 1. Suppose that there is a collection of human bones in front of you. If your task were to reconnect these bones, you would need a good knowledge of a) anatomy or b) physiology. Why? ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 2. What two basic features best describe an organ? Hint: Read page 6 of your text. i) __________________________________________________________ ii) __________________________________________________________ 3. Match the following organs and tissues with their correct organ system. It is possible to connect more than one organ or tissue with an organ system. Organ and Tissue a. Cartilage Organ System i. Cardiovascular b. Brain ii. Urinary c. Salivary glands iii. Integumentary d. Lung iv. Digestive e. Vein v. Skeletal f. Hair vi. Nervous g. Stomach vii. Respiratory h. Diaphragm viii. Reproductive i. Ovary ix. Muscular j. Gall bladder k. Kidney l. Mammary gland m. Heart BIO211 Study Guide for Lectures 2 & 3 page 4 of 6 n. Spinal cord o. Eye 4. The gallbladder, liver, and stomach are all part of the a) integumentary system b) cardiovascular system c) skeletal system d) respiratory system e) digestive system 5. Which of the following illustrates increasing levels of organizational complexity? a) chemical tissue cellular organ organ system b) chemical cellular tissue organ organ system c) cellular chemical tissue organ system organ d) organ system organ tissue cellular chemical e) tissue cellular chemical organ system organ 6. The organ system with the function of regulation of the functions of other organ systems, receiving information from your senses and initiation of a response would be the ________________________________________________. 7. The organ system with the function of removing waste products from your body and regulating the amount of water in the body would be the _____________________________________________________. 8. The organ system with the function of producing movement of the body and its appendages and maintaining posture would be the _____________________________________________________. 9. The organ system with the function of delivering oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body and removing wastes such as carbon dioxide would be the _____________________________________________________. 10. The organ system with the functions of support of the body, protection of soft tissues and production of blood cells would be the _____________________________________________________. BIO211 Study Guide for Lectures 2 & 3 page 5 of 6 11. A magician is to perform the illusion where he saws the body of his assistant into superior and inferior parts. His saw would appear to pass along the _______________ plane. i) midsagittal ii) transverse iii) parasagittal iv) frontal v) oblique 12. An itch in your gluteal region would cause you to scratch your i) thigh ii) foot iii) forearm iv) armpit v) buttock 13. Your right nostril is _______________ to your right ear. i) medial ii) lateral iii) superior iv) inferior v) distal 14. Match the following organ(s) with its appropriate cavity. More than one organ may be matched with a cavity. Organ a. Reproductive organs Body Cavity/Serous Membrane Cavity A. Pleural b. Heart B. Abdominal c. Lung C. Pelvic d. Stomach D. Pericardial e. Liver f. Urinary bladder 15. If you were facing a person who is in the proper anatomical position, then you would be able to see the ____________________ region of the body. i) gluteal ii) calcaneal iii) nasal iv) popliteal v) vertebral BIO211 Study Guide for Lectures 2 & 3 page 6 of 6 16. Which of the following is not true of body cavities? i) The diaphragm separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. ii) The most inferior cavity is the pelvic cavity. iii) The mediastinum divides the thoracic cavity. iv) The walls of body cavities are covered with visceral serous membrane. v) The liver is located in the abdominal cavity. 17. Your skull is ________________ to your brain. i) inferior ii) distal iii) deep iv) medial v) superficial 18. Where would you expect to find the femoral artery? i) forearm ii) wrist iii) face iv) thigh v) arm pit 19. An organ that is covered by parietal peritoneum may be described as a ___________________________________________________ organ. 20. The two serous membranes that cover the diaphragm are the _________________________________________________ and __________________________________________________.