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Adjectives and Adverbs American Lit Adjective and Adverbs • Adjectives and adverbs are modifiers – this means that they change the meaning of other words by adding description to them or making them more specific. • The blustery wind billowed in from the cold, snowy, and eastern lake. Adjective • Adjective: word used to describe a noun or pronoun or to give a noun or pronoun a more specific meaning • • Adjectives answer the following questions about nouns or pronouns • What kind? • Which one? • How many? • How much? Examples • • • • smelly socks (kind) that bottle (which) fourteen eggs (how many) less (how much) • Sometimes the adjective that modifies the noun or pronoun comes after the noun or pronoun. • • EX: He was sore after working out. • • There can be more than one adjective used to modify a noun or pronoun • • EX: The moldy, smelly lunch was in the locker. Nouns used as Adjectives • Nouns Used as Adjectives: Occasionally words that are usually nouns will function as adjectives modifying another noun and answering what kind or which one • EX: beef patty, coffee mug Proper Adjectives • Proper Adjectives: proper nouns used as adjectives or adjectives formed from proper nouns. Modify other nouns and begin with a capital letter. • EX: Irish dancing, Christmas presents, Wisconsin cheese Compound Adjectives • Compound Adjectives: made up of more than one word. Can be hyphenated, separated, or combined • • EX: racetrack surface, White House lawn, longterm sickness Pronouns used as Adjectives • Some pronouns can be used as adjectives. Some pronouns (such as some personal pronouns) do double duty. They are pronouns because they have antecedents, and they are adjectives because they modify nouns by answering the questions which one. • Pronouns become adjectives when they stand before a noun and answer the question which one. • see chart on pg. 382 Verb Forms used as Adjectives • Verb Forms Used as Adjectives: verb forms ending in –ing or –ed can be used as adjectives • • EX: The walking stick was grandpa’s. • REMEMBER • Nouns, pronouns, and verbs are adjectives only when they modify nouns or pronouns • This is different than ADVERBS…. next up! Adverbs • Adverb: word that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb • Adverbs that modify a verb answers any of four questions • Where? • When? • In what way? • To what extent? • Adverbs that modify an adjective or another adverb ask the question • To what extent? Examples • The dolphin dove down. (Where) • Now he will enter the race. (When) • Sarah slowly jogged around the block. (In what way) • We have just enough time to eat lunch. (To what extent) • The dogs were very noisy. (To what extent – modifying adj) • Mark drove very carefully during his driving test. (To what extent – modifying adv) • Nouns Functioning as Adverbs: a few words that usually act as nouns can function as adverbs that answer the question where and when. Some words include: home, yesterday, today, tomorrow, mornings, afternoons, evenings, week, and year. Adjective or Adverb??? • Remember that adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. • Adjectives modify nouns and pronouns.