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BUILDING BLOCKS FOR KEY TOPICS UNIT 1 – BELIEFS TEACHINGS AND SOURCES TOPIC Moses Abraham Nature of God Special books UNIT 2 – IDENTITY AND BELONGING Symbols What would you find inside the Synagogue Worship in the synagogue Special Clothes Kashrut Shabbat UNIT 3 – FESTIVALS Yom Hashoah Pesach Rosh Hashanah Yom Kippur KEY WORDS TO USE UNIT 4 – RITES OF PASSAGE Brit Milah Bar Mitzvah Marriage Death UNIT 5 – VALUES AND COMMITMENTS People Sex Divorce / Re-marriage Contraception Adultery Homosexuality Sanctity of Life – Abortion & Euthanasia Diversity BUILDING BLOCKS FOR KEY TOPICS - ANSWERS UNIT 1 – BELIEFS TEACHINGS AND SOURCES TOPIC Abraham Moses Nature of God Special books KEY WORDS TO USE Abraham – Founder of Judaism. Entered the first covenant with God. Covenant - An agreement. The relationship between God and the Jews. Canaan – land promised to the Jews from God Moses – Helped the Jews escape slavery in Egypt. Received the Torah from God Torah - Means ‘law’ or ‘teaching’. Contains the Five Books of Moses. Exodus – journey made by the Jews and Moses after escaping Egypt Chosen People – Jews were chosen by God. For Jews this is a responsibility not a privilege. Commandments – Also known as ‘mitzvot’. The 613 laws Jews must obey. Covenant - An agreement. The relationship between God and the Jews. Monotheism – Belief in one God. Shema - Prayer that states there is only one God. Prayer is found in the Torah. Creation – Making something unique, from a plan and for a purpose. God created the world from nothing. Talmud – Book which contains Jewish law – explains the laws which are vague in the Torah Mishnah – The Oral law given to Moses from God. This was written down and became the Mishnah. Gemara – Commentaries on the Mishnah. These were written down and make up the Talmud. Tenakh – The Jewish Bible/Holy Book. Contains the Torah, Nevi’im and Ketuvim Torah - Means ‘law’ or ‘teaching’. Contains the Five Books of Moses. Sofer – The scribe who writes the Torah scrolls Bimah - Raised platform for reading the Torah in the synagogue. Aliyah – ‘Going up’ to read the Torah Nevi’im – Books of the Prophets. Part of the Tenakh Ketuvim – Holy Writings. Part of the Tenakh. UNIT 2 – IDENTITY AND BELONGING Symbols What would you find inside the Synagogue Worship in the synagogue Special Clothes Kashrut Shabbat Magen David – Star of David. Symbol of Judaism. Menorah - A seven-branched candelabrum which was lit daily in the Temple. Ner Tamid - Eternal light found above the Ark. Symbolises God is always present. Mezuzah - A case with a Shema inside. Found on the doorposts of Jewish homes Synagogue – Building for Jewish public prayer, study and assembly. Aron Hakodesh – Ark containing the Torah scrolls. Faces Jerusalem. Focal point of the synagogue. Ner Tamid – Eternal light. Found above the Ark. Shows God is always present. Bimah – Raised platform for reading the Torah in the synagogue. Menorah - A seven branched candle stick. Rabbi – Teacher. Spiritual leader of the community Cantor – Chazzan. Leader of reading, singing and chanting in the services of some synagogues. Women’s gallery, 10 commandments, 3 prayers a day, Hebrew in Orthodox. Men and women sit apart. Torah removed from ark and placed on the bimah, kaddish recited, use of music, times, Minyan Tallit – Prayer shawl worn by adult males. Tallit katan – ‘little tallit’ worn under the shirt of Jewish men Kippah - ‘Yarmulka’. Skull cap worn by Jewish males during prayers, Torah study etc. Peyes – Corners of a Jewish mans hair. Hasidim – traditional dress – men do not cut the sides of their hair, women dress modestly. Tefillin - Small leather boxes containing passages from the Torah, strapped on the forehead and arm. Kashrut – laws relating to keeping a kosher home and lifestyle Kosher – fitting or correct. Foods Jews can eat. Treifa – forbidden. Foods Jews cannot eat. Parev – neutral foods. Food that does not contain milk or meat. Shechitah – method of killing an animal. The most humane way of killing an animal. Shochet – a trained slaughterer of animals. Will an exam before practicing as a shochet Hechsher - A stamp or label certifying that a food product is kosher. Shabbat – Jewish day of rest. Challah – Loaves eaten on Shabbat and during festivals. Kiddush – A prayer sanctifying Shabbat and festival days usually recited over wine. Havdalah – Ceremony marking the end of Shabbat. UNIT 3 – FESTIVALS Yom Hashoah Pesach Rosh Hashanah Yom Kippur Shoah – whirlwind. Ghetto – A cornered off part of town where Jews were kept before taken to the concentration camps. Holocaust – Death of 6 million Jews during World War II. Yad Vashem – The Holocaust Memorial Centre in Jerusalem. Pesach – Passover. Celebrates Jews escape from slavery in Egypt. Seder – Means ‘Order’. The meal Jews eat during Pesach. Haggadah – A book used during the Seder meal at Passover relating the Jews’ slavery in Egypt and their release. Chametz – Leaven, yeast. Kiddush – A prayer sanctifying Shabbat and festival days usually recited over wine Matzah - Flat cracker-like unleavened bread eaten at Pesach Passover, plagues, Moses, sea parted, death of first born son, lambs blood Rosh Hashanah – Jewish New Year. Shofar – Rams horn blown at Rosh Hashanah. September or October, repentance and forgiveness, apples dipped in honey, Moses received the 10 Commandments, God created the first humans. Yom Kippur – Day of Atonement. The most solemn day in the Jewish year. Mikveh – immersion pool. A ritual bath. Kol Nidre – prayer where Jews ask God to annul all personal vows they may make in the next year Neilah – service that brings the day to a close as God's judgement is finally sealed. Use a mikveh, donate money, wear white, 25 hour fast, confess sins, do not wash, ask for forgiveness from God. UNIT 4 – RITES OF PASSAGE Brit Milah Bar Mitzvah Marriage Death Brit Milah – Circumcision – removal of the foreskin of the penis at 8 days old. Covenant of the Cutting. Mohel – Person who performs the circumcision ceremony. Sandek – The one who holds the baby for circumcision - normally the grandfathers. Elijah, wine, blessings, covenant, Abraham Bar Mitzvah – Son of the commandment. A boy who reaches adulthood (age13). Aliyah – Being called up to the bimah to read the Torah. Haftarah – Reading from the biblical prophets. Son of the Commandment, rabbi, father, sins, responsibility, Minyan Kiddushin – Marriage. Huppah – Canopy used for a wedding ceremony, under which the bride and groom stand. Ketubah – Marriage document. States how the husband will feed, clothe, love and protect his wife. Kallah – Jewish bride Chatan – Jewish groom Yichud – Private togetherness. Bride and groom spend time alone after their wedding ceremony Shema – Prayer that states there is only one God. Prayer is found in the Torah. Chevra Kaddisha – Burial Society. The group of volunteers, who care for the dead, arrange for their burial and comfort the mourners. Onan – Immediate mourner. Kaddish – A prayer recited by those mourning the dead Shiva - Seven days of intense mourning following the burial of a close relative Yahrzeit – Anniversary of a death of a relative. Sheloshim - The 23 day period of mourning following Shiva Soul survives after death. Do not have a cremation. Jews judged on their actions. Rewarded in Heaven. UNIT 5 – VALUES AND COMMITMENTS People Sex Divorce / Re-marriage Contraception Adultery Homosexuality Abortion & Euthanasia Diversity Rabbi – teacher. Welfare of congregation. Visits the sick etc. Cantor – leads singing in synagogue, works alongside the rabbi. Scribe – writes Torah, mezuzah etc Shochet – butcher, Shechitah, prepares meat Woman – housewife and mother Man – provide for family, educate children Children – obey parents, festivals, kashrut. Married couple, develop the bond between a husband and his wife. Procreation, joy. Allow divorce, get, Beth Din, 90 days, re-marriage allowed Large family, blessing from God, risk to mother, condom not allowed, pill allowed, Sin, Ten Commandments, sex is a gift from God and is holy and sacred. Forbidden in Torah, cannot procreate, threat to Judaism, Abortion is allowed if mother’s life is at risk, only God takes life away, life is a gift from God, must preserve life, pain relief is given Jews respect all religions; all religions are a path to God. Jews do not aim to convert people to Judaism; Judaism has shaped Christianity and Islam. Jewish way of life is difficult.
