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The Battle of Bull Run The First Battle of Bull Run was the first real major conflict of the American Civil War. The battle proved that this was not going to be a one sided war for either side, as was predicted. The casualties soared to 2,900 killed, wounded, captured, or missing for McDowell's army and 2,000 for Beauregard's. The battle spurred a sense of victory in the South, pushing them on, and in the North a feeling for revenge. A Shock for the North The outcome of the First Battle of Bull Run shock the North. The Northerners started to realize that this war was going to be long, difficulty and costly. Lincoln called for more volunteers. An army was created that would later play a major factor in the East. They were known as the Army of the Potomac. George McClellan was chosen to head the Army of the Potomac. The Blockades President Lincoln issues a Proclamation of Blockade against Southern ports. For the duration of the war the blockade limits the ability of the rural South to stay well supplied in its war against the industrialized North. Blockade runner – ship that sails into and out of a blockaded area. The Resignation of Robert E. Lee Robert E. Lee resigns his commission in the United States Army. "I cannot raise my hand against my birthplace, my home, my children." Lee then goes to Richmond, Virginia, is offered command of the military and naval forces of Virginia, and accepts. Robert E. Lee is chosen as the commanding general of the Confederacy. Battle of Hampton Roads The Battle of Hampton Roads was the first battle between ironclad warships. The two ironclads fought for about three hours, with neither being able to inflict significant damage on the other. The duel ended indecisively, Virginia returning to her home at the Gosport Navy Yard for repairs and strengthening, and Monitor to her station defending Minnesota. The ships did not fight again, and the blockade remained in place. The Confederate Ironclad Ship CSS Virginia was a steampowered ironclad warship of the Confederate States Navy during the American Civil War. It was built as floating battery using the remains of the scuttled USS Merrimack in 1862. The Union Ironclad Ship USS Monitor was an ironclad warship commissioned by the United States Navy. The Battle of Shiloh The Battle of Shiloh, also known as the Battle of Pittsburg Landing, was a major battle in the Western Theater of the American Civil War in southwestern Tennessee. The Battle of Shiloh… At 5:00 on Sunday morning of April 6, 1862, 40,000 Confederate soldiers in three battle lines were set in motion toward the unsuspecting Union camp at Pittsburg Landing on the Tennessee River. By 10:00am they had driven through the camps of three Union divisions, sending the surprised blue-clad soldiers reeling back toward the river. Gen. Benjamin M. Prentiss's Union division was pushed back almost a mile and took up a good defensive position on high ground along a sunken road. Other units formed on either side of it in an attempt to slow the Confederate onslaught. Union Gen. Ulysses S. Grant looked over the new and ordered Prentiss to "maintain that position at all hazards." Continued… By now Johnston had been killed, and Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard took command of the Rebel forces. He massed 62 cannon at point-blank range and at about 4:00pm began a bombardment with shell and canister that was like "a mighty hurricane sweeping everything before it." The Hornets' Nest exploded under the fire, but still Prentiss and his men held on, their lines bending back into a horseshoe shape as more and more pressure was applied to their flanks. By 5:30 they were completely surrounded and being attacked on all sides. Unable to do any more to obey Grant's order, Prentiss ordered cease-fire and surrendered his remaining 2,200 men. However, his gallant defense had given Grant the time he needed to construct a new line to the rear. The Overview of the Battle of Shiloh Confederate forces under Generals Albert Sidney Johnston and P.G.T. Beauregard launched a surprise attack against the Union Army of Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and came very close to defeating the Union Army. The Fall of New Orleans Shortly after their victory at Shiloh, the Union, led by Gen. David Farragut captured New Orleans. New Orleans was captured by the Union giving them control of part of the Mississippi River. Peninsula Campaign The Peninsula Campaign was a major Union amphibious operation launched in southeastern Virginia whose turning movement intended to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond. The Counter-Attack of the Peninsula Campaign The Seven Days Battles was a series of six major battles where General Robert E. Lee drove the invading Union Army of the Potomac, away from Richmond. Second Battle of Bull Run The Second Battle of Bull Run was the most decisive battle in the Northern Virginia campaign for the Confederates. What happened there? In order to draw Pope’s army into battle, Jackson ordered an attack on a Federal column that was passing across his front on the Warrenton Turnpike on August 28. The fighting at Brawner Farm lasted several hours and resulted in a stalemate. Pope became convinced that he had trapped Jackson and concentrated the bulk of his army against him. On August 29, Pope launched a series of assaults against Jackson’s position along an unfinished railroad grade. The attacks were repulsed with heavy casualties on both sides. At noon, Longstreet arrived on the field from Thoroughfare Gap and took position on Jackson’s right flank. On August 30, Pope renewed his attacks, seemingly unaware that Longstreet was on the field. When massed Confederate artillery devastated a Union assault by Fitz John Porter’s command, Longstreet’s wing of 28,000 men counterattacked in the largest, simultaneous mass assault of the war. The Union left flank was crushed and the army driven back to Bull Run. Only an effective Union rearguard action prevented a replay of the First Manassas disaster. Pope’s retreat to Centreville was precipitous, nonetheless. The next day, Lee ordered his army in pursuit. This was the decisive battle of the Northern Virginia Campaign. The Battle of Antietam The Battle of Antietam (also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg, particularly in the South), fought on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland, and Antietam Creek, as part of the Maryland Campaign, was the first major battle to take place on Northern soil. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with about 23,000 casualties. The Emancipation Proclamation The Emancipation Proclamation consists of two executive orders issued by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War. These orders did not end slavery; that happened on 18 December 1865 with the passage of the 13th Amendment to the Constitution. Lincoln issued the first, or preliminary, of the two executive orders on 22 September 1862; it stated that if the rebels did not end the Civil War and rejoin the Union by 1 January 1863, then all slaves in the Confederacy would be free. Lincoln issued the second order, 1 January 1863, as the nation approached its third year of a bloody and expensive civil war. This proclamation named the specific states to which the order applied. The Emancipation Proclamation The Emancipation Proclamation was Abraham Lincoln’s decree that ended slavery in the South. The Civil War Drafts The Union and the Confederacy armies instituted the first federal military draft in American history during the Civil War. In the wake of military losses and a shortage of soldiers, the Union resorted to a federal draft in March 1863, almost a year after the Confederacy. President Lincoln signed The Enrollment Act on March 3, 1863, requiring the enrollment of every male citizen and those immigrants who had filed for citizenship between ages twenty and forty-five. Federal agents established a quota of new troops due from each congressional district. The Enrollment Act The Enrollment Act was a Union draft order passed on March 3, 1863, during the Civil War. The controversial act required the enrollment of every male citizen and those immigrants who had filed for citizenship between ages twenty and forty-five. The Enrollment Act The policies of substitution and commutation were controversial practices that allowed drafted citizens to opt out of service by either furnishing a suitable substitute to take the place of the drafted, or paying $300. Both of these provisions were created with the intention of softening the effect of the draft on pacifists and the antidraft movement. The result however was general public resentment of both policies. These two practices were major points of contention among the general public and led directly to the slogan "rich man's war, poor man's fight." The Effect of the Enrollment Act Because of the criteria of the Enrollment Act, riots broke out in various cities. The most notable riots occurred in New York City. The New York Riots were the largest civil insurrection in American history. The Battle of Chancellorsville