Download Second Battle of Bull Run

The Battle of Bull Run

The First Battle of Bull Run was
the first real major conflict of the
American Civil War.

The battle proved that this was not
going to be a one sided war for
either side, as was predicted. The
casualties soared to 2,900 killed,
wounded, captured, or missing for
McDowell's army and 2,000 for
Beauregard's. The battle spurred a
sense of victory in the South,
pushing them on, and in the North
a feeling for revenge.
A Shock for the North

The outcome of the First Battle of Bull Run
shock the North. The Northerners started
to realize that this war was going to be
long, difficulty and costly.

Lincoln called for more volunteers. An
army was created that would later play a
major factor in the East. They were known
as the Army of the Potomac.

George McClellan was chosen to head the
Army of the Potomac.
The Blockades


President Lincoln issues a
Proclamation of Blockade
against Southern ports. For the
duration of the war the blockade
limits the ability of the rural
South to stay well supplied in its
war against the industrialized
North.
Blockade runner – ship that sails
into and out of a blockaded
area.
The Resignation of
Robert E. Lee

Robert E. Lee resigns his
commission in the United States
Army. "I cannot raise my hand
against my birthplace, my home,
my children." Lee then goes to
Richmond, Virginia, is offered
command of the military and naval
forces of Virginia, and accepts.

Robert E. Lee is chosen as the
commanding general of the
Confederacy.
Battle of Hampton Roads

The Battle of Hampton Roads was the
first battle between ironclad warships.

The two ironclads fought for about three
hours, with neither being able to inflict
significant damage on the other. The
duel ended indecisively, Virginia
returning to her home at the Gosport
Navy Yard for repairs and strengthening,
and Monitor to her station defending
Minnesota. The ships did not fight again,
and the blockade remained in place.
The Confederate Ironclad
Ship

CSS Virginia was a steampowered ironclad warship of the
Confederate States Navy during
the American Civil War.

It was built as floating battery using
the remains of the scuttled USS
Merrimack in 1862.
The Union Ironclad Ship

USS Monitor was an ironclad
warship commissioned by the
United States Navy.
The Battle of Shiloh

The Battle of Shiloh, also known as the
Battle of Pittsburg Landing, was a
major battle in the Western Theater of the
American Civil War in southwestern
Tennessee.
The Battle of Shiloh…

At 5:00 on Sunday morning of April 6, 1862, 40,000
Confederate soldiers in three battle lines were set in
motion toward the unsuspecting Union camp at
Pittsburg Landing on the Tennessee River. By 10:00am
they had driven through the camps of three Union
divisions, sending the surprised blue-clad soldiers
reeling back toward the river. Gen. Benjamin M.
Prentiss's Union division was pushed back almost a
mile and took up a good defensive position on high
ground along a sunken road. Other units formed on
either side of it in an attempt to slow the Confederate
onslaught. Union Gen. Ulysses S. Grant looked over
the new and ordered Prentiss to "maintain that position
at all hazards."
Continued…

By now Johnston had been killed, and Gen. P.G.T.
Beauregard took command of the Rebel forces. He
massed 62 cannon at point-blank range and at about
4:00pm began a bombardment with shell and
canister that was like "a mighty hurricane sweeping
everything before it." The Hornets' Nest exploded
under the fire, but still Prentiss and his men held on,
their lines bending back into a horseshoe shape as
more and more pressure was applied to their flanks.
By 5:30 they were completely surrounded and being
attacked on all sides. Unable to do any more to obey
Grant's order, Prentiss ordered cease-fire and
surrendered his remaining 2,200 men. However, his
gallant defense had given Grant the time he needed
to construct a new line to the rear.
The Overview of the
Battle of Shiloh

Confederate forces under Generals Albert Sidney
Johnston and P.G.T. Beauregard launched a surprise
attack against the Union Army of Maj. Gen. Ulysses
S. Grant and came very close to defeating the Union
Army.
The Fall of New Orleans

Shortly after their victory at Shiloh,
the Union, led by Gen. David
Farragut captured New Orleans.

New Orleans was captured by the
Union giving them control of part of
the Mississippi River.
Peninsula Campaign

The Peninsula Campaign was a
major Union amphibious operation
launched in southeastern Virginia
whose turning movement intended
to capture the Confederate capital
of Richmond.
The Counter-Attack of the
Peninsula Campaign

The Seven Days Battles was a
series of six major battles where
General Robert E. Lee drove the
invading Union Army of the
Potomac, away from Richmond.
Second Battle of Bull
Run

The Second Battle of Bull Run was
the most decisive battle in the
Northern Virginia campaign for the
Confederates.
What happened there?

In order to draw Pope’s army into battle, Jackson ordered an attack on a
Federal column that was passing across his front on the Warrenton
Turnpike on August 28. The fighting at Brawner Farm lasted several hours
and resulted in a stalemate. Pope became convinced that he had trapped
Jackson and concentrated the bulk of his army against him. On August 29,
Pope launched a series of assaults against Jackson’s position along an
unfinished railroad grade. The attacks were repulsed with heavy casualties
on both sides. At noon, Longstreet arrived on the field from Thoroughfare
Gap and took position on Jackson’s right flank. On August 30, Pope
renewed his attacks, seemingly unaware that Longstreet was on the field.
When massed Confederate artillery devastated a Union assault by Fitz
John Porter’s command, Longstreet’s wing of 28,000 men counterattacked
in the largest, simultaneous mass assault of the war. The Union left flank
was crushed and the army driven back to Bull Run. Only an effective
Union rearguard action prevented a replay of the First Manassas disaster.
Pope’s retreat to Centreville was precipitous, nonetheless. The next day,
Lee ordered his army in pursuit. This was the decisive battle of the
Northern Virginia Campaign.
The Battle of Antietam

The Battle of Antietam (also known as the Battle
of Sharpsburg, particularly in the South), fought
on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg,
Maryland, and Antietam Creek, as part of the
Maryland Campaign, was the first major battle to
take place on Northern soil. It was the bloodiest
single-day battle in American history, with about
23,000 casualties.
The Emancipation Proclamation

The Emancipation Proclamation consists of two executive orders issued
by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War. These orders
did not end slavery; that happened on 18 December 1865 with the
passage of the 13th Amendment to the Constitution.
Lincoln issued the first, or preliminary, of the two executive orders on 22
September 1862; it stated that if the rebels did not end the Civil War and
rejoin the Union by 1 January 1863, then all slaves in the Confederacy
would be free.
Lincoln issued the second order, 1 January 1863, as the nation
approached its third year of a bloody and expensive civil war. This
proclamation named the specific states to which the order applied.
The Emancipation
Proclamation

The Emancipation Proclamation
was Abraham Lincoln’s decree that
ended slavery in the South.
The Civil War Drafts

The Union and the Confederacy armies instituted the first
federal military draft in American history during the Civil
War. In the wake of military losses and a shortage of
soldiers, the Union resorted to a federal draft in March
1863, almost a year after the Confederacy. President
Lincoln signed The Enrollment Act on March 3, 1863,
requiring the enrollment of every male citizen and those
immigrants who had filed for citizenship between ages
twenty and forty-five. Federal agents established a quota
of new troops due from each congressional district.
The Enrollment Act

The Enrollment Act was a Union draft
order passed on March 3, 1863, during
the Civil War.

The controversial act required the
enrollment of every male citizen
and those immigrants who had
filed for citizenship between ages
twenty and forty-five.
The Enrollment Act

The policies of substitution and commutation were
controversial practices that allowed drafted citizens to opt
out of service by either furnishing a suitable substitute to
take the place of the drafted, or paying $300. Both of
these provisions were created with the intention of
softening the effect of the draft on pacifists and the antidraft movement. The result however was general public
resentment of both policies. These two practices were
major points of contention among the general public and
led directly to the slogan "rich man's war, poor man's
fight."
The Effect of the Enrollment Act

Because of the criteria of
the Enrollment Act, riots
broke out in various cities.
The most notable riots
occurred in New York City.

The New York Riots were
the largest civil
insurrection in American
history.
The Battle of Chancellorsville