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Exploration
and
Colonization
What happens
when different
cultures first
meet?
Unit 2 Exploration and
Colonization
Lesson 1
The World Expands
Lesson 2
Spaniards Reach the Americas
Lesson 3
Spanish Exploration & Conquest
Lesson 4
Spain’s Overseas Empire
Lesson 5
Searching for the Northwest
Passage
Lessons
The World Expands
PREVIEW
Lesson 1
Vocabulary
profit
merchant
barter
navigation
How did events in Europe affect
exploration?
The World Expands
The Middle Ages
Who were the first
Europeans to reach North
America and why did they
abandon the colony?
The Vikings (Norse) were the
first Europeans to arrive.
MC 1
They may have left because of
diseases and battles with native
people.
The World Expands
Why was the Silk Road important for
traders from A.D. 100 until the 1300s?
SA
The Silk Road was the only trade
route from Europe to Asia from A. D.
100 until the 1300s.
After reaching Asia, what items had
Marco Polo and his family never seen
in Europe?
MC 2
Paper money and gunpowder were
items never seen by Marco Polo and his
family before they reached Asia.
FILL
A merchant is a person who makes
their living buying and selling goods.
FILL
Merchants want to make a profit which
is the money that remains after the costs of
running a business.
The World Expands
To barter is to exchange
goods for other goods
rather than money.
FILL
In African kingdoms salt was
bartered for gold because it was
just as valuable.
MC 3
The World Expands
Who did Prince Henry start a school for?
Prince Henry started a school for
sailors so they could sail along the
western coast of Africa to reach Asia.
MC 4
What advances in the science of
navigation and technology helped further
exploration?
Navigation is finding direction and
following routes at sea.
FILL
The development of a new ship, the
caravel, with both square and triangleshaped sails, allowed the ship to change
direction and catch the wind more easily.
FILL
Spaniards Reach the
Americas
Lesson 2
Vocabulary
expedition
colony
Columbian
Exchange
PREVIEW
How did Spanish explorers change
the Americas?
Spaniards Reach the Americas
Columbus believed he landed in the
Indies; however, Amerigo Vespucci
was the first to believe that America
was a new land.
As a result, America was named for
him by a German geographer in
1507 when he labeled the new land.
Christopher Columbus went on an expedition
which is a journey with a special purpose. He
wanted to get to the Indies faster.
No one would pay for his trip going in the
“wrong” direction (west) until the King and
Queen of Spain offered.
Columbus thought he landed in the Indies, but he
actually landed in the Bahamas (San Salvador).
He did NOT get where he was going.
The Native Americans he met there Columbus called
the Taíno “Indios” because he believed he had
reached the Indies.
On Columbus’s future journeys he wanted to
set up a colony for Spain. A colony is a
settlement far from the country that rules it.
Spaniards Reach the
Americas
MC 5
On his expedition, Columbus
kept two logs: one with the exact
distances the ships sailed and one
with shorter distances in order to
mislead other explorers.
Spaniards Reach the Americas
The Columbian Exchange was the
movement of animals, plants, and
disease across the Atlantic Ocean.
Unfortunately, the Europeans also
brought germs and diseases.
This was killing millions of Native
Americans by the 1600s.
Lesson 3
Spanish Exploration and
Conquest
PREVIEW
Vocabulary
empire
conquistador
How did the arrival of Spanish explorers
change Native American empires?
Spanish Exploration and Conquest
Spain’s desire for wealth (gold) was the main reason they
wanted to conquer the Aztec and Inca Empires.
MC 10
Hernan Cortes landed in Mexico with over
500 conquistadors to take over the Aztec
capital of Tenochtitlan.
MC 9
Montezuma was the leader of the Aztec
empire.
Montezuma, welcomed the Spanish, but
Cortes took him prisoner and demanded
gold in return for Montezuma’s freedom.
After the Aztecs refused, violence
broke out. The Spaniards were
driven away, Montezuma was killed,
and the Spaniards left behind a
deadly weapon: smallpox.
Tenochtitlan = Mexico City
Spanish Exploration and Conquest
In South America lived the Inca. They were the wealthiest
empire in the world at the time.
The Inca empire was 2,500 miles long that was
linked together by a system of paved roads or
“highways.”
Messengers were able to carry important
information by RUNNING 50 miles a day!
Gold = “sweat of the sun”
Silver = “tears of the moon”
MC 8
What is the capital
of the Inca empire?
Spanish Exploration and Conquest
SA
The Inca began dying from diseases that spread quickly
throughout the empire before Pizarro arrived.
When Francisco Pizarro arrived with only
180 men, the Inca ruler of the North,
Atahualpa, was not concerned. He had a
bigger problem with Huascar, the
southern ruler of the Inca empire.
1In
a sneak attack, Pizarro and his
men surrounded Cajamarca, killed
thousands of Inca, and captured
Atahualpa. 2After Atahualpa filled
a room with gold and silver, the
Spaniards killed him, and sent
melted gold and silver back to
Spain.
Thus, Spain now controlled one of the largest empires in the world.
Spain’s Overseas Empire
PREVIEW
Lesson 4
Vocabulary
frontier
missionary
enslave
mestizo
How did Spain’s growing empire
impact life in North America?
Spain’s Overseas Empire
explorers
SA
Juan Ponce de Leon
both
Hernando de Soto
Searched in
Florida
Searching for the
Fountain of Youth
Never found
what they were
looking for
claimed land
for Spain
Searching for gold
Spain’s Overseas Empire
Coronado and
his men were the
first Europeans to
see the Grand
Canyon.
MC 11
Spain expanded its empire as they were entering a new
frontier. FILL A frontier is the far edge of a settled area.
Spain’s Overseas Empire
Spain controlled two large territories in
the Americas, and sent rulers
overseas to take care of their land.
MC 12
Spanish rulers gave
encomiendas, large areas of land, to
colonists who were loyal to them.
MC 15
More workers were needed to work on
the encomiendas. So Spanish explorers
brought the first enslaved Africans to Mexico.
FILL
To enslave people is to force them to
work against their will.
MC 13 & FILL
Bartolome de Las Casas was a
missionary, (a person who tries to persuade
people to accept new religious beliefs) who
wanted to help Native Americans and treat
them equally.
Spain’s Overseas Empire
society
•Viceroy – ruler in New Spain
Peninsulares –
Spaniards from Spain
•MC 14
•Criollos – people born in
New Spain but had “old”
Spain parents
Mestizos – people who
were both Spanish and Native
American
•FILL
•Native Americans and
Enslaved Africans – people
forced to work without wages
Searching for the Northwest
Passage
Lesson 5
PREVIEW
Vocabulary
Northwest
Passage
merchant
company
How did the search for the
Northwest Passage affect people?
Searching for the Northwest Passage
What was the importance of the Northwest Passage?
MC 16 It was believed to be a shortcut to Asia that would allow
Europeans to make the trip less costly and much faster.
Searching for the Northwest Passage
SA
All theses men were searching for the Northwest Passage.
explorer
Area explored
SA
Newfoundland
John Cabot
SA
Giovanni de
Verrazano
Hudson River
SA
Hudson, Chesapeake, and Delaware
Bays
Henry Hudson
MC 19
Did anyone ever find the Northwest passage?
No… because it doesn’t exist!
Review
Name the European explorer associated with each area.
Mexico
West coast of South America
Florida
Southeastern U.S.
Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona
Southwestern U.S.; first European to see the
Grand Canyon
Newfoundland
Hudson River
Hudson, Chesapeake, and Delaware Bays
St. Lawrence River
Lakes Huron, Ontario, Erie and Superior
Lake Michigan
Hernan Cortés
Francisco Pizarro
Juan Ponce de León
Hernando de Soto
Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
Francisco Vásquez de Coronado
John Cabot
Giovanni da Verrazano
Henry Hudson
Jacques Cartier
Étienne Brûlé
Jean Nicolet
Maps
Click on a map to enlarge the view.