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Scientific Method A process to gather information Observation • Observe an unexplained natural phenomenon • Collect information and ask questions • Alexander Fleming observed a bacteria free area around mold…..hmmm could this be useful? Hypothesis • A statement about an idea that you can test, based on your observations • Example: If penicillin inhibits bacterial growth then those plates treated with penicillin should have little to no bacterial growth. Experimentation Variables • Are factors that will affect the results of your experiment • Example – what factors might affect the rate of bacterial growth? How many variations of theses factors can you come up with? • For your experiment to be valid all variables must be kept constant Experimentation Independent variable (experimental variable) • Scientific experiments are designed to investigate only one variable at a time. • What would be the experimental variable in Flemings experiment? Experimentation Control group • A group that will not be exposed to the independent variable • It is used as a comparison • What would the control group “look like” for Fleming's experiment? Experimentation Experimental Group • The group that would be exposed to the independent variable Data • The results from the experiment are usually mathematical since it is highly objective • Usually presented in a data table and or graph • These results are called the dependent variable • What might be the dependent variable in Fleming’s experiment Conclusion • Will support or fail to support the hypothesis • Represents the truest available information at that time Theory • Is a testable explanation for a natural occurring phenomenon and is capable of predicting future occurrences • Has been supported by many experiments, all pointing to the same results