* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Blood - lizardbar
Survey
Document related concepts
Blood sugar level wikipedia , lookup
Hemolytic-uremic syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Schmerber v. California wikipedia , lookup
Blood transfusion wikipedia , lookup
Autotransfusion wikipedia , lookup
Jehovah's Witnesses and blood transfusions wikipedia , lookup
Blood donation wikipedia , lookup
Plateletpheresis wikipedia , lookup
Men who have sex with men blood donor controversy wikipedia , lookup
Hemorheology wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Tuesday April 4th, 2017 • Today: Start Cardiovascular Unit “There’s only one thing I hate more than lying: skim milk. Which is water that’s lying about being milk” – Ron Swanson Happy National Walk Around Things Day Fun Fact: 64% of Americans allegedly prefer their cats’ company to their significant others CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Part 1: The Blood FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD • Blood: liquid connective tissue with 3 general functions 1. Transportation: blood transports oxygen from the lungs to the cells in the body – Transports carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs so it can be expelled from the body 2. Regulation: blood regulates the pH of body fluids 3. Protection: blood clots in response to injury, protects against excessive blood loss – White blood cells protect against diseases PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BLOOD • Classified as connective tissue • Color range – Oxygen-rich blood is scarlet red – Oxygen-poor blood is dull red • pH must remain between 7.35–7.45 • Transports oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to body tissues • Transports carbon dioxide, heat and metabolic waste away from body tissues BLOOD & BLOOD CELLS • Blood is a tissue of fluid & cells – plasma (55% of volume) • Nonliving fluid • dissolved salts, sugars, proteins, and more – Formed elements (45% of volume) • red blood cells (RBC) – transport O2 in hemoglobin • white blood cells (WBC) – defense & immunity • platelets – blood clotting ERYTHROCYTES (RED BLOOD CELLS) • The main function is to carry oxygen • Contain the protein Hemoglobin • Biconcave disks • Anucleate (no nucleus) • Most Abundant of the Formed Elements • Average life span is 100 -120 days • 5-6 million erythrocytes in a drop of human blood HEMOGLOBIN • Iron-containing protein • Transports bulk of oxygen carried in the blood • Each hemoglobin molecule has four oxygen binding sites • Each erythrocyte has 250 million hemoglobin molecules LEUKOCYTES (WHITE BLOOD CELLS) • Crucial in the body’s defense against disease • Complete cells, with a nucleus and organelles • Leukocytosis: above normal levels of leukocytes • Leukopenia: abnormally low leukocyte levels TYPES OF LEUKOCYTES 1. Neutrophils – Main function is phagocytosis – Most numerous leukocyte 2. Eosinophils – Respond to allergies and infections causes by parasitic worms 3. Basophils – Contain histamine granules which initiate inflammation • Histamine: inflammatory chemical which attracts other white blood cells to the site of infection, causing inflammation TYPES OF LEUKOCYTES 4. Lymphocytes – Play a role in the immune response, some produce antibodies 5. Monocytes – Largest of the white blood cells – Important in fighting chronic infection – Also participate in phagocytosis PLATELETS(THROMBOCYTES) • Derived from megakaryocytes: – Ruptured fragments of multinucleate cells • Needed for the clotting process • Normal platelet count = 300,000/mm3 CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING 1 1. Anucleate cells, bioconcave shaped, contain hemoglobin, and their main function is to carry oxygen 2. Leukocytes which produce histamine during an allergic reaction 3. Needed for the clotting process 4. Leukocytes which play a role in the immune response and produce antibodies 5. Complete cells(nucleus, organelles) which are critical in the body’s defense against disease 6. Iron containing protein, transports the bulk of the oxygen carried in the blood CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING 1 1. Anucleate cells, bioconcave shaped, contain hemoglobin, and their main function is to carry oxygen 1. Erythrocytes 2. Leukocytes which produce histamine during an 2. Basophils 3. Needed for the clotting process 3. Platelets allergic reaction 4. Leukocytes which play a role in the immune response and produce antibodies 5. Complete cells(nucleus, organelles) which are 4. Lymphocytes critical in the body’s defense against disease 5. Leukocytes 6. Iron containing protein, transports the bulk of the 6. Hemoglobin oxygen carried in the blood HUMAN BLOOD GROUPS • Antigen: substances that our body recognizes as foreign • Antibodies: genetically determined protein molecules in our blood that stick to invading antigens – Antigens then clump together Rice Krispy Question 1. On a rice krispy what would the marshmallow represent? Antibodies 2. What do the crisp represent? Antigens ABO BLOOD GROUPS • Based on the presence or absence of two antigens ON the red blood cell • Type A • Type B • Blood is “typed”/categorized using antibodies found in the plasma • Antibodies will clump/attach to certain antigens causing the blood to clump • For Example: A Type A red blood cell has type A antigens on it and B antibodies in the plasma. If Type B blood is donated to the Type A individual the B antibodies in the Type A individual will attack/clump the Type B blood cells causing a blood clot ABO BLOOD GROUPS • Blood Group A • A antigens on surface of red blood cells and B antibodies in your plasma • If Type B blood is donated to a Type A individual what do you think will happen? (include antigens and antibodies in your answer) ABO BLOOD GROUPS • Blood Group B • B antigens on surface of red blood cells and A antibodies in your plasma • If Type A blood is donated to a Type B individual what do you think will happen? (include antigens and antibodies in your answer) The A antibodies in the Type B blood plasma will attack/clump to the A antigens on the Type A blood cell ABO BLOOD GROUPS • Blood Group AB • Both A and B antigens on surface of red blood cells and no A and B antibodies in your plasma • Universal Recipient • Why is it called the universal recipient? (include antigens and antibodies in your answer) Because it doesn’t have any antibodies in it’s plasma to attack the antigens on Type A blood or Type B blood ABO BLOOD GROUPS • Blood Group O – No antigens on surface of red blood cells, have both A and B antibodies in your plasma – Universal Donor – Why is it called the universal donor? (include antigens and antibodies in your answer) Because it doesn’t have any antigens on the cell that can be attacked by the persons antibodies A B AB O Red Blood Cell Type Antibodies in Plasma Antigens on Red Blood Cell Blood Types Compatible NONE NONE A,O B,O A,B,AB,O O CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING 2 1. Why can type O blood only receive blood from another type O donor 2. Substances which our body recognizes as foreign 3. List all the possible blood types that someone with type B blood can donate to 4. Why can type AB blood only donate to someone else with type AB blood 5. Which blood type is known as the universal donor and which is the universal recipient 6. Protein molecules in our blood which stick to invading antigens 1. Why can type O blood only receive blood from another type O donor 2. Substances which our body recognizes as foreign 3. List all the possible blood types that someone with type B blood can donate to 1. The A & B antibodies in the plasma would attach the antigens on Type A, B and AB 2. Antigens 3. B and AB 4. Why can type AB blood only 4. Since it contains both antigens on the cell it can be donate to someone else with type attacked by the antibodies in Type A, B and O AB blood 5. Which blood type is known as the universal donor and which is the universal recipient 6. Protein molecules in our blood which stick to invading antigens 5. Universal Donor- Type O Universal Recipient-Type AB 6. Antibodies