Download WHICh2Egypt-Sec1_2-2016 - Alabama School of Fine Arts

Ch2, Sec 1, part 1
GEOGRAPHY
1. How has the land of Egypt changed since about 12,000 years ago?
2. What are the most important features of the geography of Egypt?
3. What did the ancient historian Herodotus mean by saying “Egypt is the gift of the Nile”?
4. What is the “Black Land”? What is the “Red Land”.
5. What are the Blue Nile and White Nile? Where do they begin? Where do they come together?
6. Label: Mediterranean Sea, Persian Gulf, Nile, Nile Delta, Upper Egypt, Lower Egypt.
7. What are cataracts? How many main cataracts are there on the Nile? What area did “ancient
Egypt” cover?
8. In what direction does the Nile River flow? In what direction does the wind blow? Why
was this helpful?
9. Annual flood of the Nile:
a. Each year, about __________________ the water level of the Nile River began to rise.
The star Sirius appeared above the horizon just before dawn on June 21.
b. The flood was caused by spring rains farther _____________ in Africa, where the Nile
river begins.
c. The water level continued to rise until it reached its maximum in ____________. In
____________, the water level began to fall, and returned to its original level.
d. As the flood water receded, it left a layer of rich, fertile ____________,.
10. The pattern of life and farming that resulted from the Nile flood. 3 seasons
a. ______________________(June-September):
No ______________was done at this time, as all the fields were flooded. Instead, many
farmers worked for the __________ (ruler) on building projects, or made repairs.
b. ______________________(October-February):
In October, this fresh, fertile ______left after the flood was ploughed and seeded. The
crops, including ________________________________ grew.
c. ______________________ (March-May):
The fully grown crops had to be cut down (harvested) and removed before the Nile
flooded again. It was also the time to repair the canals ready for the next flood.
11. What do these terms mean:
a. Inundation
b. Nilometer
12. How did the recurring flood of the Nile affect Egypt and the life of the people? How did this
cycle affect their beliefs and attitudes?
13. What other natural advantages did the Nile valley have to offer?
14. Explain how Egypt’s location helped protect it from invasion:
a. Invasion from the east and west:
b. Invasion from the north
c. Invasion from the south
15. How did this natural protection help Egypt?
Ch2,Sec1 continued
16. What advances had the Neolithic people of the Nile valley made by about
6000 BC
3800BC
17. What two kingdoms had developed along the Nile by 3100 BC? What else had the Egyptians
accomplished by 3100BC?
18. What political event happened in about 3100BC? Who was the leader responsible for this? Draw
the crowns of Upper Egypt, Lower Egypt and United Egypt.
19. a. What is a dynasty? How many dynasties were there of Ancient Egypt?
b.
What did the rulers of Egypt come to be called, and what did the Egyptians believe about
them?
c. Describe the bureaucracy that helped the Pharaoh rule Egypt.
20. a. What was the oldest form of Egypt writing, and when was it invented?
b. What does “hiero” mean? What does “glyphic” mean?
c. How many symbols does it have? What do these symbols represent?
d. What was it originally written on?
e. What new material was produced by the Egyptians to write on?
f.
How was this new material made?
g.
What two newer forms of Egyptian writing were eventually developed?
h.
When was Egyptian writing finally deciphered in modern times? By whom?
i.
What important archeological find used as the key to deciphering Egyptian writing?
j.
What 3 languages were used on this stone? Which one was already known, and used as a key
for the other?
21. What are the main periods of Ancient Egyptian history? (I have rounded up to the nearest century.
You can get more exact dates from the textbook, if you wish.)
3100BC-2700BC: _____________________________________
2700BC-2200BC_____________________________________

2200BC-2100BC________________________________
2100BC-1700BC______________________________________

1700BC-1600BC_________________________________
1600BC-1100BC: _____________________________________
22. What were the main accomplishments of the “Early Dynastic Period”?
23. What were the main accomplishments of the “Old Kingdom”?
24. Describe the social classes of Old Kingdom Egypt.
25. PYRAMIDS
a. About how many pyramids are there in all in Egypt? Over what period of time were they
built?
b.
Where are the largest ones located? When where the largest ones built?
c.
What was the purpose of the pyramids?
d.
Who built the pyramids? (actually did the labor)
e. What shape was the first pyramid? Draw the 1st pyramid. Tell who designed it, what
Pharaoh it was built for, etc.
f. Describe & draw the 2nd, 3rd, 4th pyramids, tell who they were built for, etc.
2nd
3rd
g.
4th
Describe & draw the 5th pyramid, who it was built for, etc.
h. Describe the 6th pyramid, who it was built for, what famous large statue was built for him,
etc.
i.
Describe the 7th pyramid, and tell who it was built for.
j. Describe the 8th pyramid, and tell who it was built for. How long did he live?
26. Explain what brought about the decline and collapse of the Old Kingdom and the temporary
period of disunity called the 1st Intermediate Period.
27. What were the main accomplishments of the 400 year period called the Middle Kingdom?
28. a. What factors began to make the Middle Kingdom less stable?
b. Who were the Hyksos?
What new weapons did they have?
What role did they play in the history of Egypt during the 2nd Intermediate period?
c. What did the Egyptian historian Manetho say about how the Hyksos came to power?
d. What do historians say who disagree with the account given by Manetho?
29. How did the 2nd Intermediate period end, and the New Kingdom period begin. What did New
Kingdom pharaohs learn from the Hyksos? What changes did New Kingdom Pharaohs make?
30. Tell important facts about each of these famous New Kingdom Pharaohs:
(1)
Ahmose
(2)
Hatshepsut
(3)
Thutmose III
(4)
Amenhotep IV/Akhenaton
(5)
Tutankhamen
(6)
Ramses (Ramesses) II
Ch2, Sec 2
1. What are the general characteristics of Egyptian culture
2. Explain 2 theories about how the Egyptians got the big stones up the sides of the
pyramids.
3. Besides the pyramids of the Old Kingdom, what are some of the important
achievements in architecture?
4. Describe the tombs of the New Kingdom Pharaohs. Where were they? What were
they like?
5. Describe sculpture and painting.
6. Describe the Egyptian calendar
7. What kind of number system did the Egyptians use? How did they use geometry?
8. Describe Egyptian medicine.
9. Describe Egyptian education
10. Describe the main events of the Isis Osiris story.
11. Describe the Egyptian religion. List the main gods/goddesses.
12. Explain what the Egyptians believed about life after death.
13. Label the characters in this picture
______
__
______ __
___ ___ ____
__
______
______ __
14. Explain mummification
15. Describe marriage and family life. Explain the status of women.
16. Describe how land was owned and how taxes were paid.
17. Describe Egyptian agriculture.
_____
18. Describe Egyptian food.
19. Describe Egyptian homes.
20. Describe Egyptian clothing & makeup
21. Describe trade.
Ancient History Sourcebook:
Herodotus: Mummification, from The
Histories
Link to A CT Scan image of a Mummy
The mode of embalming, according to the most perfect process, is the following:- They take first a
crooked piece of iron, and with it draw out the brain through the nostrils, thus getting rid of a portion,
while the skull is cleared of the rest by rinsing with drugs; next they make a cut along the flank with a
sharp Ethiopian stone, and take out the whole contents of the abdomen, which they then cleanse,
washing it thoroughly with palm wine, and again frequently with an infusion of pounded aromatics.
After this they fill the cavity with the purest bruised myrrh, with cassia, and every other sort of spicery
except frankincense, and sew up the opening. Then the body is placed in natrum for seventy days, and
covered entirely over. After the expiration of that space of time, which must not be exceeded, the body
is washed, and wrapped round, from head to foot, with bandages of fine linen cloth, smeared over with
gum, which is used generally by the Egyptians in the place of glue, and in this state it is given back to
the relations, who enclose it in a wooden case which they have had made for the purpose, shaped into
the figure of a man. Then fastening the case, they place it in a sepulchral chamber, upright against the
wall. Such is the most costly way of embalming the dead.
If persons wish to avoid expense, and choose the second process, the following is the method pursued:Syringes are filled with oil made from the cedar-tree, which is then, without any incision or
disembowelling, injected into the abdomen. The passage by which it might be likely to return is stopped,
and the body laid in natrum the prescribed number of days. At the end of the time the cedar-oil is
allowed to make its escape; and such is its power that it brings with it the whole stomach and intestines
in a liquid state. The natrum meanwhile has dissolved the flesh, and so nothing is left of the dead body
but the skin and the bones. It is returned in this condition to the relatives, without any further trouble
being bestowed upon it.
The third method of embalming, which is practised in the case of the poorer classes, is to clear out the
intestines with a clyster, and let the body lie in natrum the seventy days, after which it is at once given to
those who come to fetch it away.
Source:
Herodotus. The Histories.
This text is part of the Internet Ancient History Sourcebook. The Sourcebook is a collection
of public domain and copy-permitted texts related to medieval and Byzantine history.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bj0RnvIl9cQ