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Unit 3 Roles of United States Foreign Policy
Part 1: The way Nations cooperate with international organizations politically
and economically
Trade relations
• When two or more countries establish a trade relation, they are agreeing to keep tariffs
low on goods from that country
• A Tariff is a tax on goods that are exported or imported
• Exported is the sale of goods to a foreign country
• Imported is the purchase of foreign manufactured goods in the buyer's domestic
market.
Treaties
• A formal agreement between governments.
• Treaties have the same power as law in most countries
• In the United States, the President and the executive branch play a big role in getting
treaties done but they must be ratified by the legislative branch to have the power of
law
Treaties: political
• Treaties that revolve around political issues
• Transferring land
• ex. The sale of Alaska or Louisiana
Treaties: Economic
• Treaties that revolve around economic issues
• Can include things like agreements on fisheries or petroleum access off the coast of two
nearby nations
• Trade agreements
• Navigation of water
Treaties: Military
• Treaties that revolve around military matters
• Defense treaties:
• Countries agree to come to each other’s aid if one of the other countries is
attacked
• Military treaties can also deal with troop and equipment movements through a country
or stored in a country
Alliances
• A form of military treaty where the nations agree to aid each other in times of war
Unit 3 Roles of United States Foreign Policy
• Alliances is what caused World War I to become a world war, rather than a war between
two nations
International Organizations
• Organization with an international membership, scope, or presence.
• There are two main types
• International nongovernmental organizations - non-governmental organizations.
• These include international non-profit organizations and worldwide
companies such as the World Organization of the Scout
Movement, International Committee of the Red Cross and Médecins Sans
Frontières.
• Intergovernmental organizations - made up of sovereign states (referred to
as member states).
• Notable examples include the United Nations (UN), Organization for
Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Organization for Security
and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), Council of Europe (COE), and World
Trade Organization (WTO)
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
• Also called the North Atlantic Alliance
• military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on 4 April
1949. The organization constitutes a system of collective defense whereby its
member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external
party.
• The course of the Cold War led to a rivalry with nations of the Warsaw Pact
• After September 11 NATO sent soldiers in to Afghanistan to support the US Mission
there
• Often criticized for being slow to react
European Union (EU)
• Is a politico-economic union of 28 member states that are located primarily in Europe.
• The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardized system of laws
that apply in all member states.
• Policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within
the internal market and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries,
and regional development.
• Passport controls have been abolished.
• A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002, and uses
the euro currency.
United Nations (UN)
• Is an intergovernmental organization to promote international co-operation
• A replacement for the ineffective League of Nations
• Was created after World War II in order to prevent another such conflict
• At its founding, the UN had 51 member states; there are now 193
Unit 3 Roles of United States Foreign Policy
• The headquarters of the United Nations is in Manhattan, New York City.
• The organization is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member
states
• Its objectives include:
• maintaining international peace and security
• promoting human rights
• fostering social and economic development
• protecting the environment
• providing humanitarian aid in cases of famine, natural disaster, and armed
conflict.
Organization of Petroleum exporting Countries (OPEC)
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Is an intergovernmental organization of 14 nations
Founded in 1960 in Baghdad by the first five members
Headquartered since 1965 in Vienna.
As of 2015, the 14 countries accounted for an estimated 43 percent of global oil
production and 73 percent of the world's "proven" oil reserves
• Mission is
• to coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of its member countries
• Ensure the stabilization of oil markets
• Secure an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consumers
• Steady income to producers, and a fair return on capital for those investing in the
petroleum industry.
North American Free trade agreement (NAFTA)
• Is an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States, creating a
trilateral trade bloc in North America.
• Fill in the chart below with your own thoughts and ideas
Part 2 The United States relationship with other nations
Foreign Policy
• Also called foreign relations or foreign affairs -policy
• Consists of self-interest strategies chosen by the state to safeguard its national
interests and to achieve goals within its international relations
• This is how one nation deals with other nations
Trade Embargoes
• One of the United States strongest weapons in foreign policy is the trade embargo
• This is when one nation refuses to do business or trade with another nation to force the
embargoed nation to comply with some predetermined action.
United States role as peacekeeper
• One of the roles of the United States in the UN is providing peacekeeper forces.
• These are soldiers that are sent in to other countries to maintain peace and order
• Sometimes they do this by acting with or in places of local law enforcement
Unit 3 Roles of United States Foreign Policy
• Other times it is to rebuild after a disaster.
• Usually this is done to help spread democracy
Truman Doctrine
• Became a central principle of US foreign policy after the expansion of communism after
WWII.
• Truman Doctrine: policy of US to support free peoples who are resisting attempted
subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures”
• Addressed the issue of communist expansion by pledging assistance to countries
resisting communist expansion
• $400 million sent to aid Turkey and Greece
United states boarder Policy
• Primary mission is preventing terrorists and terrorist weapons from entering the United
States
• The U.S. Customs and Border Protection is also responsible for apprehending
individuals attempting to enter the United States illegally
• including those with a criminal record
• Stemming the flow of illegal drugs and other contraband
• Protecting United States agricultural and economic interests
• Protecting American businesses from intellectual property theft