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Animal Kingdom
Living Environment
Animalia
• Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic,
heterotrophs whose cells lack cell walls
– There are two basic kinds
• Vertebrates
• Invertebrates
What Do Animals Do?
• Feeding: They eat other organisms
(heterotrophs)
• Respiration: Take in oxygen and give off
carbon dioxide
• Circulation: Transport nutrients and gases
around the body
• Excretion: Get rid of ammonia
• Response/Movement: Respond to stimuli,
most can move
• Reproduction: Most reproduce sexually
Symmetry
• Radial Symmetry-Some animals have
bodies which are symmetrical across any
line drawn through the center of their
bodies.
• Bilateral-Only one line drawn through the
body is symmetrical.
Cephalization
• Cephalization-The tendency for the sense
organs to be grouped at the anterior, or
head, end of the organism.
Invertebrates
• 35 Different Phylla of Invertebrates
(Animals that don’t have a backbone)
• Sponges- Multicellular, eukaryotic, no cell
walls, and heterotrophic. Provide habitat
for other animals
• Cnidarians- Soft-bodied, carnivorous,
animals with stinging tentacles, and
specialized tissues
Worms
• Worms-Generally long and slender, with
a central digestive cavity
– Flatworms-Soft, flattened, with internal
organs and tissues
– Roundworms-Similar to flatworms, but with a
round body cavity
– Annelids-Segmented worms with long
slender bodies
Mollusks
• Mollusk-Soft-bodied animal that usually
has a protective shell, either internal or
external
– E.g. Clams, oysters, snails, octopi, squid
Arthropods
• Arthropods-Segmented bodies, tough
exoskeleton, and jointed appendages
– Crustaceans- Lobsters, shrimp, crab
– Arachnids-Spiders, Scorpions, mites
– Insects-Butterflies, beetles, ants, etc.
• Insects go through a life cycle
• Egg Larva Pupa Adult
• This change is called metamorphosis
Echinoderms
• Echinoderms-have a spiny skin, internal
skeleton, water vascular system, and
suction cup-like feet.
• E.g. sea stars and sea urchin
Vertebrates
• Vertebrates are classified in just one
phylum: Chordata
• The five classes of vertebrates are:
• Fishes (Pisces)
• Amphibians (Amphibia)
• Birds (Aves)
• Reptiles (Reptilia)
• Mammals (Mammalia)
Chordates
• A Chordate is any species that has, at least
at some stage of its life:
– A hollow nerve cord (spinal cord)
– Pharyngeal pouches (lungs or gills)
– A Tail that extends beyond the anus
Fish (Pisces)
• Fish were the first vertebrates to evolve.
Early fish had no jaws, but most modern
fish do. Fish have fins and gills. Small
fish eat protozoans and algae, while
bigger fish eat other fish.
Amphibians
• Amphibians-Live part of their lives in water,
usually the larval stage, and can live on land
as an adult because they have lungs.
– Use both skin and lungs to help them breathe
– Have several life stages, which often look very
different from each other.
Reptiles (Reptilia)
• Reptile-A vertebrate that has dry scaly skin,
lungs and lays terrestrial eggs.
• Most reptiles are cold-blooded, but dinosaurs
were probably warm-blooded.
Birds (Aves)
• Birds-Reptile-like animals that have
feathers and wings. They are warmblooded. Their legs are covered in scales
and are modified for walking or perching.
Evidence suggests that they are descended
from dinosaurs.
Mammals (Mammalia)
• Mammals-Animals that have hair or fur,
mammary glands, are warm blooded, breathe
air, and reproduce their young internally.
– Placental mammals-The young is nourished inside
the mother until they are fully developed
– Marsupials-The young are nourished inside a
pouch after a certain stage of development
– Monotremes-Weird mammals, found in Australia,
that lay eggs, instead of bearing live young.
Mammals