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Unit 2 Reading Guide: Ancient Egypt & Judaism
Chapter 2: Early River Valley Civilizations
Section 1: Pyramids on the Nile (p. 35)
The Geography of Egypt
1. Describe the 3 unique aspects of the Nile River:
The Gift of the Nile
2. Why was the Nile River called “The Gift of the Nile?”
Environmental Challenges
3. What challenges existed for farmers along the Nile?
Upper and Lower Egypt
4. What is a “cataract?”
5. From the First Cataract to the Mediterranean sea, there were two regions.
Describe each: _________ Egypt:
_________ Egypt:
6. Why was transportation on the Nile easy for trade and unification?
Egypt Unites into a Kingdom
7. How did Narmer show the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt?
-Approximately when did this unification take place?
8. How many dynasties would Egypt’s history consist of?
9. What years made up the Old Kingdom of Egypt?
Pharaohs Rule as Gods
10. ***In one complete sentence in your own words, describe what a Pharoah is and what a
theocracy is:
11. What were some of the duties of the pharaohs?
Builders of the Pyramids
12. Why were the pyramids built for the pharaohs? (what were their significance?)
-How tall is the pyramid at Giza? ________ How many blocks? ______
Egyptian Culture
Religion and Life
13. What is polytheism? Monotheism?
14. List the three major gods of Egypt and what they represent:
15. Explain the Egyptians view of death and the afterlife:
16. (Primary Source box) According to Herodotus, how many days was the body in the salts?
17. Why was the scroll “The Book of the Dead” also buried with the mummy?
Life in Egyptian Society
18. What skills allowed a person from a lower class to rise to a higher class?
19. How was the status of women similar in Egyptian and Sumerian society?
Egyptian Writing
20. Define hieroglyphics:
Egyptian Science and Technology
21. Along with papyrus, what three scientific inventions had a major impact on the world?
Invaders Control Egypt
22. What years represent the Middle Kingdom of Egypt?
23. What improvements were made during the Middle Kingdom?
Chapter 4: First Age of Empires
Section 1: The Egyptian and Nubian Empires (p. 89-94)
Nomadic Invaders Rule Egypt
24. Who were the Hyksos?
Expulsion and Slavery
25. Which pharaohs helped to drive out the Hyksos?
The New Kingdom of Egypt
26. What years make up the New Kingdom of Egypt? _______________________
27. How did the Egyptian armies of the New Kingdom change? (Especially weapons)
Hatshepsut’s Prosperous Rule
28. Describe the reign of Queen Hatshepsut?
Thutmose the Empire Builder
29. What had Thutmose III done to expand his empire (Where did he invade)?
An Age of Builders
30. Instead of pyramids for their afterlife, where did Ramses II build the New Kingdom
tombs?
-Describe Ramses II’s temple at Abu Simbel:
The Empire Declines/Kushites Conquer the Region
31. What different groups conquered Egypt and led to its decline?
32. What did both the Libyans and Kushites adopt after taking power in Egypt?
Section 2: The Assyrian Empire
A Mighty Military Machine
The Rise of a Warrior People
33. What did the Assyrian King Sennacherib “accomplish?”
Military Organization and Conquest
34. Why did the Assyrians develop into a great military power?
The Empire Expands
35. From 850 B.C. to 650 B.C., what was the extent of the Assyrian Empire?
Assyrian Rule
36. What contributions to government administration and culture did the Assyrians make?
Assyrian Culture
37. Describe Nineveh:
38. What did King Ashurbanipal establish and why was it so important?
39. (Analyzing Primary Sources) Describe the 4 methods the Assyrians used to attack a city?
What did they do with the conquered peoples after?
The Empire Crumbles
40. Why did the people in the region rejoice when the Assyrian Empire was defeated?
41. King Nebuchadnezzar built this (also known as one of the “Seven Wonders of the Ancient
World:)
Chapter 3: People and Ideas on the Move
Section 4: The Origins of Judaism (p. 77-83)
Setting the Stage
42. Define these lands:
a. Palestine:
b. Canaan:
The Search for a Promised Land
43. What are the two meanings for the word “Canaan?”
From Ur to Egypt
44. What is the Torah? How many books does this contain?
45. Who is the father of the Hebrew religion? How did he get such a title?
The God of Abraham
46. What is monotheism and who is “Yahweh?”
47. What mutual promise was made between Abraham and God and what was it called?
Moses and the Exodus
“Let My People Go”
48. What was the Exodus? Who led the Exodus?
A New Covenant
49. What became the basis for civil and religious law of Judaism and how did Moses get
them?
The Land and People of the Bible
50. How long did the Hebrews wander in the wilderness? __________ Where did they finally
settle? ____________ How many tribes were there? __________________
Hebrew Law
51. What behaviors did the code of law regulate? _______________ All justice was
tempered by expressions of God’s ______________.
52. How were the Hebrews taught to live?
The Kingdom of Israel
53. By about 1000 B.C. what was the only tribe left? _____________ As a result, the
Hebrews came to be called _________
54. Name the three kings that Israel united under: ______________________________
Solomon Builds the Kingdom
55. What crowning achievement did Solomon build in the city of Jerusalem?
The Kingdom Divides
56. Why did the Kingdom break into two? What were the names of the two kingdoms?
The Babylonian Captivity
57. What is tribute and who were the two kingdoms paying it to?
58. Name the Babylonian king who captured Judah: _________________ Many survivors
were exiled to Babylon. What do you think happened to them there?
59. The 40,000 Jews who returned from exile decided to first rebuild the temple before the
walls that protected the city of Jerusalem. Why?
60. What groups conquered the region next?