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Introductory Video Script Template Lesson Objective Course Semester Unit Lesson SCIENCE 7 A 3 8 Students will describe how geologic features provide evidence that Earth has evolved over time. CLIP A Visual Audio <Image - On the image place an arrow at the right coast of South America and one at the left coast of Africa> If you have ever looked at a map of the world, the coastlines of Africa and South America seem to fit together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. http://www.pd4pic.com/geography-globemap-world-earth-silhouette-free.html <Image> The fit between the 2 coastlines is even more prominent when their continental shelves are compared. The continental shelf is the part of a continent that is submerged in relatively shallow waters. http://www.morguefile.com/archive/display /620832 <Image - Place text under the image> Alexander von Humboldt, Geographer http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_von _Humboldt#mediaviewer/File:Stieler,_Jos eph_Karl_-_Alexander_von_Humboldt__1843.jpg Evidence that these two continents might have been joined came from the research of a German geographer who traveled the world collecting specimens and studying. <Image - Display 1st image, then transition in the 2nd> Mountain ranges in South America match ranges in South Africa. They appear to be the same age and formed of the same kinds of rock. http://www.pd4pic.com/geiereckunterberg-mountain-gondola-cablecar.html Similarities have also been observed along ranges in Europe and North America. http://www.pd4pic.com/rocks-texturenature.html <Image - Zoom in on various specimens> Fossils of animals and plants on either side of the Atlantic Ocean also have striking similarities. The idea of continental drift was formed… http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sni der-Pellegrini_Wegener_fossil_map.svg QUESTION A The movement of the Earth’s continents is known as: A. world drift B. global movement C. continental drift D. Earth float Correct answer is C, proceed to CLIP B Incorrect answer (all other), proceed to CLIP E CLIP B Visual Audio <Image - Display images side by side with “PLANT” and “ANIMAL” underneath> Other naturalists discovered similarities in plant and animal fossils on either side of the Atlantic Ocean. PLANT http://www.morguefile.com/archive/display /196970 ANIMAL http://pixabay.com/en/fossil-petrificationstone-fish-514980/ <Image Zoom in on Australia> Before long, similarities across other oceanic gaps were observed. Fossils found in India resembled those found in Australia. http://www.morguefile.com/archive/display /671925 <Image - Display the rock image, then transition in the globe> Finally, evidence involving hardened lava showed that the Earth’s magnetic field had not changed. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ex pl6454__pillow_lava_in_Galapagos_Rift.jpg The measurements on varying continents indicated that the continents had moved. http://www.morguefile.com/archive/display /924988 <Image> Scientists concluded that the continents had once been part of a single large land mass known as Pangaea. (Pan-jee-uh) Over millions of years this landmass has divided multiple times into the present day continents. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pa ngaea_to_present.gif QUESTION B Our present day continent positioning on Earth: A. has been the same since the beginning of time. B. has evolved over millions of years. C. resulted from a single continental drift. D. occurred after a volcanic eruption. Correct answer is B, proceed to CLIP C Incorrect answer (all other), proceed to CLIP F CLIP C Visual <Image> Audio The mechanism that caused the landmasses to break apart is not yet understood. http://www.morguefile.com/archive/display /909662 <Image - Zoom in on red area on bottom image> http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oc eanic.Stripe.Magnetic.Anomalies.Scheme. svg In the 1930s geologists and other scientists discovered a ridge in the middle of the Atlantic seafloor through which hot lava was flowing upward and spreading outward. <Image - Zoom in on the areas along the ridges (red)> The lava farthest from either side of the ridge was the oldest. In this image, the oldest areas are blue, and the younger ones are red along the ridge. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ear th_seafloor_crust_age_1996_-_2.png <Image> The discovery that the ocean floor was spreading led to the modern theory of plate tectonics. Plate tectonics is the name for the theory of the Earth’s crust being divided into plates that glide over the flexible mantle. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pla te_tectonics_map.gif QUESTION C Plate tectonics suggests that the Earth’s crust is: A. composed of a number of large plates. B. a solid surface without any voids. C. located underneath the mantle. D. static and never changes. Correct answer is A, proceed to CLIP D Incorrect answer (all other), proceed to CLIP G CLIP D Visual Audio <Image Display “OLD WOMAN ROCK, IN CALIFORNIA under image> The rock formations of Joshua Tree National Park were created more than 100 million years ago from cooling magma beneath the surface. This is an example of geological change. OLD WOMAN ROCK, IN CALIFORNIA http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%2 2Old_Woman%22_rock_formation_(Joshu a_Tree_National_Park).jpg <Image Place the text “HIMALAYAS” underneath> HIMALAYAS http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hi malayas.jpg Mountain ranges are constantly subjected to erosional forces, which work to tear them down. The rugged topography of a mountain range is the product of erosion. <Image-Zoom into the green area, showing the drainage basin, then display the sedimentary rock> The basins adjacent to an eroding mountain range are filled with sediment, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EN _Bazinul_hidrografic_al_Raului_Latorita,_ Romania.jpg which gets buried and turned into sedimentary rock. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:An gular_Unconformity_Kutna_Hora_detail_2. jpg <Image> Sedimentary rock is removed by erosion over the core of the mountain range and spread as sand and clays across the Great Plains to the east in the U.S. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Int erstate_70_in_Colorado_Flats.jpg QUESTION D Evidence of geological changes in the Earth’s surface include which of the following: A. erosion B. plate tectonics C. lava flow D. All of the above Correct answer is D, SUCCESS alert Incorrect answer (all other), proceed to CLIP H CLIP E Visual <Image> Audio Earth’s continents are changing, moving, and rearranging themselves over a span of millions of years—this affects the Earth’s climate and organisms as well. http://pixabay.com/en/recycle-green-earthenvironment-29227/ <Image - Zoom in on the Earth> http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ter restial_Planets_internal_en.jpg Let’s review how this happens…. Our planet Earth has four interior levels: the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. <Image - Display image, then after audio is read, Place circles around the terms Lithosphere and Athenosphere> The crust and part of the mantle form the lithosphere. This portion of the Earth is rigid, solid rock. Directly beneath is the mantle, which is hot enough that it is flexible. This is the asthenosphere. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ear th-cutaway-schematic-english.svg <Image - Zoom in on arrows showing movement> http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Act ive_Margin.svg There are several forces pushing and pulling the plates in different directions. This interaction keeps the landmasses moving…very slowly. QUESTION E The asthenosphere can be described as: A. rigid and rocky B. hot and fluid-like C. solid metallic D. hot and solidified Correct answer is B, proceed to CLIP B Incorrect answer (all other), proceed to CLIP F CLIP F Visual <Image - Display side by side> Audio Throughout the Earth’s 4.5 billion year history, tectonic plates’ collisions and upheavals have formed mountain ranges and carved out basins. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:An _aerial_view_of_a_mountain_range_in_Af ghanistan_May_13,_2013_130513-DNI589-998.jpg http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:FE MA_-_45017__The_Dunsmir_Sediment_Basin_in_Califo rnia.jpg <Image> http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ear then_Dam_Waterfall_Face.JPG Forces of erosion and weathering have been at work tearing down these landforms. <Image - transition in images one at a time> These differences give our world very distinct landscapes. From the mountains…. http://www.morguefile.com/archive/display /937327 To the rocky beaches… http://www.morguefile.com/archive/display /809896 And the plains… http://www.morguefile.com/archive/display /913830 <Image> A relief map of our continent shows you the contrasts between the roughness of the western U.S. to the smoother central and eastern regions. These differences result from processes acting on the underlying rock. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ma ury_Geography_035A_North_America_reli ef.jpg QUESTION F Plate tectonics is responsible for the formation of: A. Earth’s inner core B. various evergreen species C. mountain ranges D. layers of the atmosphere Correct answer is C, proceed to CLIP C Incorrect answer (all other), INTERVENTION alert, proceed to CLIP B CLIP G Visual <Image> Audio Volcanic activity has modified the Earth’s surface through flows of lava that have solidified over time. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pu u_Oo_cropped.jpg <Image - Zoom in on the brown layers of the image> http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sp accato_vulcano_i18.png Most volcanoes occur at plate boundaries, where the plates are moving together (converging). <Image - Display images beside one another> http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ha waje-NoRedLine.jpg http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ca scade_and_fountain_into_Aloi_Crater.jpg Some volcanoes, like those in the Hawaiian Islands, form from a hot spot, which is a weakness in the Earth’s crust where magma forces its way to the surface. <Image> With the flow and eventual cooling of the magma and lava, the Earth’s surface is forever changing, as seen in this lava field. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:La va_fields.jpg QUESTION G When melted rock from inside the Earth spills through a crack onto the surface, a _________________________ forms. A. volcano B. tsunami C. lava D. hurricane Correct answer is A, proceed to CLIP D Incorrect answer (all other), proceed to CLIP F CLIP H Visual Audio <Image> Earthquakes are responsible for rapid changes in the Earth’s surface and can cause substantial damage and loss of life. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ear thquake_damage_in_Jacmel_2010-0117_1.jpg <Image - Zoom in on the red arrows where When the plates of the Earth’s crust push the plates are located> against, pull away, or rub past each other, waves of energy move through the ground. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Wegene r#mediaviewer/File:Plates_tect2_en.svg <Image - Show images one at a time> When the Earth shakes, landforms can be altered quickly… Deep cracks can suddenly appear in the ground along with landslides of loose rocks and soil. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Str eet_Damage_After_Northridge_Earthquak e.jpg http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ElS alvadorslide.jpg <Image - Transition in images one at a time> A tsunami is a series of large waves generated by an abrupt movement on the ocean floor. This is the result of an earthquake that displaces an enormous amount of water causing destruction. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:20 04-tsunami.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/com mons/a/ab/US_Navy_110315-N-5503T311_An_aerial_view_of_damage_to_Wak uya%2C_Japan_after_a_9.0_magnitude_ earthquake_and_subsequent_tsunami_de vastated_the_area_in.jpg QUESTION H Landform changes occur on Earth’s surface and can be: A. gradual B. abrupt and dramatic C. a result of plate tectonics D. All of the above Correct answer is D, SUCCESS alert Incorrect answer (all other), proceed to CLIP G