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Elements and the Periodic Table Study Guide Answers
What is the periodic table? Who created it and when?
The periodic table was arranged by Dmitri Mendeleev, it shows all the
known elements in the universe and organizes them by their chemical
properties
What is the benefit of the periodic table?
The periodic table arranges the elements to make them easier to study.
How is the periodic table arranged?
The periodic table is arranged by increasing atomic number. (Remember the
Atomic Number is the number of protons in an atom)
What are the differences between periods and groups?
There are 7 periods on the periodic table and they are the Horizontal rows,
There are 18 Families ( or groups), these are the vertical columns;
elements in the same group have similar chemical and physical properties,
What are families of the periodic table?
There are 18 Families ( or groups), these are the vertical columns;
elements in the same group have similar chemical and physical properties,
What are at least 3 characteristics for:
Alkali Metals
● 1st group/ family
● very reactive metals
● soft metal, easy to cut
● reacts violently with water
Alkali Earth Metals
● 2nd group/family
● reactive metal that always combines with nonmetal in nature
Transition Metals
● group/family 3-12
● less reactive and harder metal
● used in jewelry and construction
● most common metals are found here
Halogens
● Group 17
● very reactive nonmetal
● always combine with other elements in nature
Noble Gases
● Group 18
● Non reactive non metal
● Gases
List the properties of a metal. Where are they located on the Periodic
Table?
Located on the left side of the periodic table to the left of Boron stair step.
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●
●
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Good conductors of heat and electricity
Shiny
Ductile ( can be stretched into wire)
Malleable (can be pounded into sheets)
List the properties of a non-metal. Where are they located on the Periodic
Table?
NonMetals are on the right of the boron stair step.
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●
●
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Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Dull in color
Not ductile
Not malleable
Many are gases
List the properties of a metalloid. Where are they located on the Periodic
Table?
Metalloids are located on either side of the Boron Stair step have properties
of both metals and nonmetals.
● they are solids that can be shiny or dull
● they conduct heat and electricity better than nonmetals, but not as
well as real metals
● they are ductile and malleable
What is the difference between an element and a compound?
An element is composed of a single kind of atom, while a compound is
where two or more elements are chemically bonded together.
What are the particles that make up an atom, and what are the correct
charges that are associated with each particle?
Proton Positive
Neutron Neutral
Electron Negative
What two particles make up the nucleus of the atom and how are they held
together?
The nucleus is made up with protons and neutrons; they are held together
by the attraction between the protons and electrons.
Which particle spins around the nucleus? Describe the motion around the
nucleus and any other characteristics of that particle.
The electron travels around the nucleus at a high rate of speed forming the
electron cloud, the electrons are very small and light.
List the number of Protons, Neutrons, Electrons, Atomic Mass and Atomic
Number for the following elements: Sodium, Nickel, Gold, Aluminum,
Neon, Silicon
Sodium
Atomic Number
Atomic Mass
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
_____11__
_____23__
_____11____
_____12____
_____11____
Atomic Number = # of protons = # of electrons(Protons and Electrons are
always the same amount. Atomic # stands for # of protons)
# of Neutrons
= Atomic Mass - Atomic Number