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Fungal Infections of the skin Superficial and cutaneous infections Superficial Mycoses They include : 2- Tinea nigra 3- Piedra Tinea nigra Piedra -Asymptomatic infection of the hair shaft, causing nodules on the hair shaft Definition : Tinea versicolor is a long-term (chronic) fungal infection of the skin Symptoms The infection causes patches of discolored skin that may be: Definition : Superficial fungal infection , Causes dark brown to black painless patches on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet . - Colored white, pink, tan or dark brown - More noticeable after sun exposure. - Hot, humid weather Causes : Exophiala werneckii -Excessive sweating -Oily skin Etiology Diagnosis -Potassium hydroxide (KOH) -Positive for short hyphae and yeast cells (Spaghetti and meatballs) Culture Malassezia furfur -It is a Yeast, Lipophilic -To grow, oil should be added to the media Trichosporon beigelii Dark pigmented nodules Lightly pigmented, white to brown nodules Soft, loosely attached Diagnosis Diagnosis : -It is a Yeast, Lipophilic - Skin scraping Piedraia hortae Hard and firmly attached to hair shaft -Weakened immune system -Normal flora of skin White piedra ( Hortaea werneckii) -Hormonal changes -Malassezia furfur, and Malassezia globosa We have two types : Black piedra - Slow-growing, scaly and mildly itchy. Causes -On scalp hair, mustache, and beard -Skin scrapings : In KOH will show brown septate hyphae. -Culture on SDA & Mycobiotic : Growth of dematiaceous fungus . Epilated hairs with white soft nodules present on the shaft . Culture: Sabouraud's dextrose agar (SDA) Definition Tinea versicolor is a long-term (chronic) fungal infection of the skin . Symptoms Causes The infection causes patches of discolored skin that may be: -Hot, humid weather . -Excessive sweating . -Oily skin . -Hormonal changes . -Weakened immune system . -Colored white, pink, tan or dark brown . -Slow-growing, scaly and mildly itchy . -More noticeable after sun exposure . Tinea nigra Superficial fungal infection . dark brown to black painless patches the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet . Etiology -Malassezia furfur, and Malassezia globosa -It is a Yeast, Lipophilic -Normal flora of skin piedra Black piedra : Piedraia hortae Dark pigmented nodules Hard and firmly attached to hair shaft Fungal infections of the Keratinized tissues of the body . -They are primary pathogens . - Contagious Tinea or Ringworm : T. capiti scalp T. corporis glabrous skin T. pedis foot (Athlete’s foot) T. cruris groin Tinea Capitis -Skin scraping -Potassium hydroxide (KOH) -Positive for short hyphae and yeast cells (Spaghetti and meatballs) -Malassezia furfur -It is a Yeast, Lipophilic -To grow, oil should be added to the media Epilated hairs with white soft nodules present on the shaft. Sabouraud's dextrose agar (SDA) White piedra : Trichosporon beigelii Lightly pigmented, white to brown nodules Soft, loosely attached Dermatophytosis is a fungal infection of the scalp and hair shafts Culture -Exophiala werneckii (Hortaea werneckii) We have two types : Asymptomatic infection of the hair shaft, causing nodules on the hair shaft On scalp hair, mustache, and beard . Diagnosis Dermatophytes Etiology : A group of related fungi called dermatophytes (filamentous fungi) - Microsporum - infections on skin and hair Epidermophyton - infections on skin and nails Trichophyton - infections on skin, hair, and nails - One or more round patches of scaly skin where the hair has broken off at or just above the scalp. - Patches that slowly expand or enlarge. - Scaly, gray or reddened areas. - Patches that have small black dots where the hair has broken off at the scalp. - Brittle or fragile hair that easily pulls out. - Tender or painful areas on the scalp. dermatophytes Complications : Morphology of lesion : Kerion ! Broken hairs, black dots, localized . Woods Lamp : Blue green . Definition Tinea Corporis Ringworm (body) Candidiasis (Yeast Infection) Oral Candidiasis (Thrush) Yeast Infection of the Genitals Diaper Rash Invasive Yeast Infection ( candidemia ) Symptoms Causes Etiology develops on the top layer of your skin . -A circular rash on the skin that's red characterized by an itchy, red circular rash with healthylooking skin in the middle. -Slightly raised expanding rings of red, scaly skin on your trunk or face. Candidiasis is a fungal infection that can affect areas such as the: -Skin -Genitals -Throat -Mouth -Blood Types of candidiasis : If the infection in the : A yeast infection of the mouth or throat area . Culture Complications : A fungal infection rarely spreads below the surface of the skin to cause serious illness ! -A round, flat patch of itchy skin . - people with weak immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, may find it difficult to get rid of the infection ! - mouth or throat oral candidiasis, or thrush. -genital area yeast infection. -skin on a baby's bottom area diaper rash. -enters your bloodstream candidemia . -Redness or discomfort in the mouth area . -Sore throat and difficulty swallowing . -Cracking at corners of the mouth where your lips meet . -Extreme itching in the vaginal area . -Soreness and redness in the vaginal area . -White, clumpy vaginal discharge that looks like cottage cheese ! Infection that affects the skin on a baby's bottom area . -Dark red patches of skin in the Health problems can cause more yeast to grow, particularly in warm, moist body areas . invasive candidiasis or -White spots inside the mouth and on the tongue . Infection that affects Genitals organ . Vaginal yeast infections are common in women ! Infection that enters into the bloodstream dermatophytes and inflamed around the edge and healthy looking in the middle ! Diagnosis Untreated thrush may infect bloodstream, which can be very dangerous ! -Healthy adults do not usually get thrush. It is most often seen in: -Infants -Elderly -Patients getting chemotherapy . -People with AIDS or other conditions that weaken the immune system . It is important to get treated for a genital yeast infection. You may pass the infection back and forth to a sexual partner ! -Painful intercourse . diaper area, especially in the folds of skin near the thighs . -Yellow, fluid-filled spots that can break open and become flaky . fever and chills ! -This infection may happen if patient have a weakened immune system and a yeast infection goes untreated ! -This type of infection is more often seen in people who are or have been in the hospital ! You will be given antifungal medicine by mouth or through an IV for several weeks .