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#_____ Social Studies Chapter 9 Name_______________________________ 1. caravan n. Definition: A group of people and animals traveling together for safety, especially through a desert. Sample sentence: Arab traders often traveled in caravans. Describe, explain, give example in own words: Draw: A camel caravan can proceed at a rate of about 3 miles per hour and can cover about 30 miles per day. Caravans traded with merchants in cities of the Fertile Crescent and in Egypt. 2. Islam n. Definition: The religion of Muslims based on the teachings of the prophet Muhammad in the A.D. 600s. Sample sentence: Muhammad had a vision. In the vision, the angel Gabriel appeared to him and said, “O, Muhammad, you are the prophet of Allah.” Muhammad’s vision would lead to the creation of a new religion called Islam. Describe, explain, give example in own words: monotheistic religion Draw: The angel Gabriel also said, “Read, read, and read for your lord.” Pray 5 times a day Take a pilgrimage (hajj) to Mecca Fast during Ramadan Give money to the poor Belief in one God, Allah 3. Muslim n. Definition: A person who follows the practices of Islam, the religion founded by Muhammad. Sample sentence: Some Muslims pray five times each day. Describe, explain, give example in own words: women wear hijab or chador Draw: 4. Kaaba n. Definition: A sacred Muslim shrine in Mecca. Sample sentence: “Kaaba” is the Arabic word for “cube.” Muslims visit the Kaaba in Mecca. Describe, explain, give example in own words: Draw: Looks like a big black box 5. mosque n. Definition.: A Muslim place of worship. Sample sentence: The Grand Mosque in Mecca contains the Kaaba. Describe, explain, give example in own words: Draw: minaret 6. Quran/Koran n. Definition: The most holy book of Islam, believed to contain the teachings of Allah, or God, to Muhammad. Sample sentence: The most important teaching in the Quran is that there is only one God in the universe – Allah. The Quran says that Allah is the God worshiped both by Christians and Jews. Describe, explain, give example in own words: Quran serves as a guide for living for Muslims, as the Torah does for Jews and the Bible does for Christians. Draw: 7. hajj n. Definition: a journey to visit Mecca. Sample sentence: One of the Five Pillars of Islam is that Muslims who can afford it to go on a hajj, or journey to visit Mecca, at least once in their lives. Describe, explain, give example in own words: Draw: Sam will go on a hajj with his dad when he turns 19. 8. pilgrimage n. Definition: A journey for religious purposes. Sample sentence: A hajj is an example of a pilgrimage. Muslims might go on a pilgrimage to Mecca. Describe, explain, give example in own words: Draw: 9. Muhammad n. Definition: A.D. 570?-632? Founder of Islam. Sample sentence: Muhammad was determined to persuade the people of Mecca to abandon their worship of many gods and goddesses. He set out to teach people in Mecca about Allah, and to worship only one God. He united the people of Arabia though Islam. Describe, explain, give example in own words: Draw: 10. caliph n. Definition: A Muslim leader who had both political and religious authority. Sample sentence: In the A.D. 760s, new leaders of the Muslim world came to power. By now, Islam was just over 100 years old. The new leaders were known as caliphs. Describe, explain, give example in own words: Draw: Caliph means “successor.” The caliphs were the successors to the Prophet Muhammad. 11. caliphate n. Definition: Lands ruled by the Islamic caliphs. Sample sentence: The lands ruled by the caliphs – Arabia, western Asia, northern Africa, and what is today Spain and Portugal – were called the caliphate. Describe, explain, give example in own words: Draw: 12. algebra n. Definition: A type of mathematics to which Muslims made great contributions. Sample sentence: Muslim scholars added to the branch of mathematics they called al-jabr. In English, this branch is called algebra. Describe, explain, give example in own words: Muslim scholars studied the works of ancient Greek mathematicians and made important advances in mathematics. Draw: