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Input device-computer hardware equipment used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system Output device-piece of computer that communicates the results of data processing storage- memmory or retrievealbe data on any electronic system motherboard- a circuit board that contains the principal components of a computer or other device, with connectors into which other circuit boards can be slotted hard disk drive-a mechanism that controls the positioning, reading, and writing of the HDD which holds most of the data storage RAM-the place in a computer where the operating system, application programs, and data in current use are kept, so that they can be quickly reached by the computer's processor. peripheral- any device thats not part of the computer bus- a set of conductors carrying data and control signals within a computer system expansions cards- a circuit board that can be inserted in a computer to give extra facilities or memory power supply unit-component that supplies power to the computer optical disk drive- a disk drive that uses laser light or electromagnetic waves for reading or writing data to or from optical discs. Central processing unit-part of a computer in which operations are controlled and executed software-programs and other operating information used by the computer opering system- the software that supports a computer's basic functions driver-a program that controls the operation of a device program-series of coded software instructions to control the operation of a computer or other machine. bootstrapping- starting an enterprise, with minimal resources. BIOS-set of computer instructions in firmware that control input and output operations command line-space to the right of the command prompt on a computer monitor in which a user enters commands and data algorithm-a process or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other problemsolving operations, using a computer or other electronic device analog-using signals or information represented by a continuously variable physical quantity. app-self-contained program or piece of software designed to fulfill a particular purpose; an application application-a program or piece of software designed and written to fulfill a particular purpose of the user. or users array-set of related elements backup- the procedure or process for making extra copies of data in case the original is lost or damaged. bandwidth-the range of frequencies within a given band, in particular that used for transmitting a signal. binary-composed of, or involving two or more things bit-small piece, part, or quantity of something bitmap-type of memory organization or image file format used to store digital images byte-group of binary digits or bits operating together as one unit blog-a regularly updated website or web page, typically ran by an individual or small group, written in a informal style. blogger-Web site that contains online personal reflections, comments, and often hyperlinks provided by the writer bookmark-a record of the address of a website, file, or other data made to enable quick access in future. cache-a collection of items of the same type stored in a hidden or inaccessible place caps lock-keyboard key that toggles upper case on and off. captcha- category of technologies that is used to distinguish between human and computers client-desktop computer or workstation that is capable of obtaining information and applications from a server. clip art-simple pictures and symbols made available for computer users clip board-temporary storage area where material cut or copied from a file is kept for pasting into another file. cloud-a network of remote servers hosted on the Internet and used to store, manage, and process data in place of local servers or personal computers. computing- use and operation of computers command-instruction or signal that causes a computer to perform one of its basic functions. compile-convert (a program) into a machine-code or lower-level form in which the program can be executed. compress-alter the form of (data) to reduce the amount of storage necessary computer-electronic device for storing and processing data computer program-sequence of instructions, written to perform a specified task on a computer configure-arrange or order (a computer system or an element of it) to fit it for a designated task. cookie-packet of data sent by an Internet server to a browser, which is returned by the browser each time it subsequently accesses the same server, used to identify the user or track their access to the server. copy-reproduce stored data in another location. data-quantities, characters, or symbols on which operations are performed by a computer, being stored and transmitted in the form of electrical signals and recorded on magnetic, optical, or mechanical recording media. database-a structured set of data held in a computer data mining-practice of examining large databases in order to generate new information debug-identify and remove errors from (computer hardware or software). decompress-expand compressed data to its normal size so that it can be read and processed by a computer delete-. a command or key on a computer that erases text desktop- a piece of equipment such as a computer that is suitable for use at an ordinary desk. development-a new and refined product or idea digital-electronic technology that generates stores and processes data in terms of two states positive and nonpositive disk-information storage device for a computer in the shape of a round flat plate that can be rotated to give access to all parts of the surface DNS-the way that Internet domain names are located and translated into Internet Protocol addresses document-piece of written, printed, or electronic matter that provides information or evidence or that serves as an official proof emoticon-representation of a facial expression ,formed by various combinations of keyboard characters encrypt-convert information or data into a cipher or code encryption-most effective way to achieve data security Exabyte-a unit of information equal to one billion gigabytes. file-collection of data, programs, etc., stored in a computer's memory or on a storage device under a single identifying name finder-interface on a computer that allows users to move, copy, delete, and open files, navigate through folders, and move windows around the desktop. firewall-part of a computer system or network that is designed to block unauthorized access while permitting outward communication firmware-permanent software programmed into a read-only mem flaming-direct a vitriolic or abusive message at someone by posting on the Internet or sending an email flash-a platform for producing and displaying animation and video in web browsers flash drive-small electronic device containing flash memory that is used for storing data or transferring data floppy disk-a flexible removable magnetic disk used for storing data flowchart-a graphical representation of a computer program in relation to its sequence of functions as distinct from the data it processes folder-an icon on a computer screen that can be used to access a directory containing related files or documents font-a set of type of one particular face and size format-a defined structure for the processing, storage, or display of data. gigabyte- unit of storage hack-process of using a computer to gain unauthorized access to data in a system. hacker-a person who uses computers to gain unauthorized access to data. hardware-the machines, wiring, and other physical components of a computer or other electronic system. html-standardized system for tagging text files to achieve font, color, graphic, and hyperlink effects on World Wide Web pages hyperlink-a link from a hypertext file or document to another location or file, typically activated by clicking on a highlighted word or image on the screen. hypertext-a software system that links topics on the screen to related information and graphics, which are typically accessed by a point-and-click method. integer-whole number interface-a device or program enabling a user to communicate with a computer. internet-global communication network that allows almost all computers worldwide to connect and exchange information IP address-unique string of numbers separated by periods that identifies each computer using the Internet Protocol to communicate over a network iteration-a new version of a piece of computer hardware or software. java-a general-purpose computer programming language designed to produce programs that will run on any computer system. kernel-the most basic level or core of an operating system of a computer, responsible for resource allocation, file management, and security. logic-a system or set of principles underlying the arrangements of elements in a computer or electronic device so as to perform a specified task. mirror-a site on a network that stores some or all of the contents from another site. modem-a combined device for modulation and demodulation, for example, between the digital data of a computer and the analog signal of a telephone line. monitor-an instrument or device used for observing, checking, or keeping a continuous record of a process or quantity. motherboard-a printed circuit board containing the principal components of a computer or other device, with connectors into which other circuit boards can be slotted. mouse-a small handheld device that is dragged across a flat surface to move the cursor on a computer screen multimedia-using more than one medium of expression or communication. open source-denoting software for which the original source code is made freely available and may be redistributed and modified. operating system-the software that supports a computer's basic functions path-a definition of the order in which an operating system or program searches for a file or executable program. phising-the activity of defrauding an online account holder of financial information by posing as a legitimate company. piracy-the unauthorized use or reproduction of another's work. pirate-a person who appropriates or reproduces the work of another for profit without permission, usually in contravention of patent or copyright. platform-a standard for the hardware of a computer system, determining what kinds of software it can run. plug in-a plug-in module or plug-in software. podcast-a digital audio file made available on the Internet for downloading to a computer or portable media player, typically available as a series, new installments of which can be received by subscribers automatically. pop-up-notification of a menu or other utility able to be superimposed on the screen being worked on and suppressed rapidly. portal-an Internet site providing access or links to other sites. process-a series of interdependent operations carried out by computer. protocol-a set of rules governing the exchange or transmission of data between devices. queue-a list of data items, commands, stored so as to be retrievable in a definite order, usually the order of insertion. QWERTY-denoting the standard layout on English-language typewriters and keyboards, having q, w, e, r, t, and y as the first keys from the left on the top row of letters. reboot-an act or instance of booting up a computer system again. resolution-the number of pixels contained on a display monitor restore-action that allows a computer to return something to a former condition, place, or position ROM-Computer hardware that stores programs or data that cannot be added to, modified, or deleted root-a user account with full and unrestricted access to a system. router-a device that forwards data packets to the appropriate parts of a computer network. runtime-the length of time a program takes to run. shell-a user interface for access to an operating system's service spam-irrelevant or inappropriate messages sent on the Internet to a large number of recipients. spammer-individual who spams irrelevant messages through the internet spreadsheet-an electronic document in which data is arranged in the rows and columns of a grid and can be manipulated and used in calculations. status bar- a horizontal bar, typically at the bottom of the screen or window, showing information about a document being edited or a program running. storage-the retention of retrievable data on a computer or other electronic system; memory. spyware-software that enables a user to obtain covert information about another's computer activities by transmitting data covertly from their hard drive. supercomputer-a particularly powerful mainframe computer. surf-move from site to site on (the Internet). syntax-is the set of rules that defines the combinations of symbols that are considered to be a correctly structured document or fragment in that language terabyte-unit of storage much larger than a gigabyte terminal-a device at which a user enters data or commands for a computer system and that displays the received output. text editor-a system or program that allows a user to edit text. thread-a group of linked messages posted on an Internet forum that share a common subject or theme. Trojan horse-a program designed to breach the security of a computer system while ostensibly performing some innocuous function. typeface-a particular design of type. Unix- widely used multiuser operating system. upload-transfer (data) from one computer to another user interface-the means by which the user and a computer system interact, in particular the use of input devices and software. username-an identification used by a person with access to a computer, network, or online service. utility-program virtual memory-memory that appears to exist as main storage although most of it is supported by data held in secondary storage virus-a piece of code that is capable of copying itself and typically has a detrimental effect, such as corrupting the system or destroying data. wiki-a website that allows collaborative editing of its content and structure by its users. word processor-a program or machine for storing, manipulating, and formatting text entered from a keyboard and providing a printout. workstation-a desktop computer terminal, typically networked and more powerful than a personal computer. worm-a self-replicating program able to propagate itself across a network which usually has a a detrimental effect. WWW-world wide web XML-a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format which is both human-readable and machine-readable zip-process of compressing a file so less space is taken on the storage device boot-process of starting a computer and put it into a state of readiness for operation. broadband-a high-capacity transmission technique using a wide range of frequencies, which enables a large number of messages to be communicated simultaneously. browser-a program with a graphical user interface for displaying HTML files, used to navigate the World Wide Web. buffer-a temporary memory area in which data is stored while it is being processed or transferred, especially one used while streaming video or downloading audio. bug-an error in a computer program or system. domain-a distinct subset of the Internet with addresses sharing a common suffix or under the control of a particular organization or individual. domain name-the part of a network address that identifies it as belonging to a particular domain. download-copy data from one computer system to another, typically over the Internet. drag-to move an icon or other image across a computer screen using a tool such as a mouse. email-messages distributed by electronic means from one computer user to one or more recipients via a network. enter-a key on a computer keyboard that is used to perform various functions, such as executing a command or selecting options on a menu. lurking-read the postings on an Internet message board or in a chat room without making any contribution oneself. mainframe-the central processing unit and primary memory of a computer. macro-a single instruction that expands automatically into a set of instructions to perform a particular task. malware--software that is intended to damage or disable computers and computer systems. memory- part of a computer in which data or program instructions can be stored for retrieval. script-an automated series of instructions carried out in a specific order. search engine-a program that searches for and identifies items in a database that correspond to keywords or characters specified by the user security-security applied to computers, computer networks, and the data stored and transmitted over them. server-a computer or computer program that manages access to a centralized resource or service in a network. shareware-software that is available free of charge and often distributed informally for evaluation, however after which a fee may be requested for continued use.