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CHAPTER 25
The Urinary System
PART A
Learning objectives
1.
2.
3.
4.
Recognize and name the organs of urinary
system according to their location in the
abdominal and pelvic cavity(ILO .(ILO 1.1)
Define the terms related to urinary system.(1.2)
Recognize and contrast histology of different
parts of nephron.(ILO 2.1)
Label the anatomical and histological features of
urinary system in the activity sheets(ILO 2.2)
Lecture outlines
1.
2.
Urinary System Organs
Kidney Anatomy


3.
4.
External
Internal
Nephron
Parts of nephron
Urinary System Organs
1.
2.
3.
4.
Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Urinary System Organs
• Kidneys are major excretory organs
• Ureters transport urine from the kidneys
to the bladder
• Urinary bladder is the temporary storage
reservoir for urine
• Urethra transports urine out of the body
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Hepatic veins (cut)
Esophagus (cut)
Inferior vena cava
Adrenal gland
Aorta
Renal artery
Renal hilum
Renal vein
Kidney
Iliac crest
Rectum (cut)
Uterus (part
of female
reproductive
system)
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Ureter
Urinary
bladder
Urethra
Figure 25.1
External anatomy of Kidney Anatomy
• Retroperitoneal, in the superior lumbar region
• Right kidney is lower than the left
• Convex lateral surface, concave medial surface
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Anterior
Inferior vena cava
Peritoneum
Peritoneal cavity
(organs removed)
Renal
vein
Renal
artery
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Supportive
tissue layers
• Renal fascia
anterior
posterior
• Perirenal
fat capsule
• Fibrous
capsule
Body of
vertebra L2
Body wall
(a)
Aorta
Posterior
Figure 25.2a
External anatomy of Kidney Anatomy
• Renal hilum on the medial surface --Ureters,
renal blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves
enter and exit at the hilum
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External anatomy of Kidney Anatomy
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Internal Anatomy of kidney
• Renal cortex
• A granular superficial region
• Renal medulla
• The cone-shaped medullary (renal)
pyramids separated by renal columns
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Internal Anatomy of kidney
• Papilla
• Tip of pyramid; releases urine into
minor calyx
• Renal pelvis
• The funnel-shaped tube within the
renal sinus
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Internal Anatomy of kidney
• Major calyces
• The branching channels of the renal
pelvis that
• Collect urine from minor calyces
• Empty urine into the pelvis
• Urine flows from the pelvis to ureter
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Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Renal
hilum
Renal cortex
Renal medulla
Major calyx
Papilla of
pyramid
Renal pelvis
Minor calyx
Ureter
Renal pyramid
in renal medulla
Renal column
Fibrous capsule
(a) Photograph of right kidney, frontal section
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(b) Diagrammatic view
Figure 25.3
Nephrons
•
Structural and functional unit of the kidney
that form urine
•
Up to 1 million nephrons per kidney
•
Two main parts
1. Renal corpuscle (cortex)
2. Renal tubule (cortex  medulla)
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Parts of nephron
1. Bowman’s capsule
2. Glomerulus
3. Proximal convoluted tubule
4. Loop of Henle
5. Distal convoluted tubule
6. Collecting tubule
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Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 25.5
Glomerular capsule: parietal layer
Renal cortex
Renal medulla
Basement
membrane
Renal corpuscle
• Glomerular capsule
• Glomerulus
Renal pelvis
Ureter
Podocyte
Distal
convoluted
tubule
Kidney
Fenestrated
endothelium
of the glomerulus
Glomerular capsule: visceral layer
Microvilli
Mitochondria
Proximal
convoluted
tubule
Highly infolded plasma
membrane
Proximal convoluted tubule cells
Cortex
Medulla
Thick segment
Thin segment
Loop of Henle
• Descending limb
• Ascending limb
Distal convoluted tubule cells
Collecting
duct
Loop of Henle (thin-segment) cells
Principal cell
Intercalated cell
Collecting duct cells
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Figure 25.5
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