Download Urinary System

Urinary System
Functions of the Urinary System
 elimination of _______________________________________
o ______________________________________ (byproducts of chemical reactions that are no
longer useful such as ammonia, urea, uric acid, creatinine)

control the volume and composition of body fluids
o __________________________________________________

blood volume is closely associated with the salt balance of the body
(____________________________________
______________________________________________
_____________________________________________)

the kidneys are involved in regulating blood pressure and also maintain appropriate levels
of certain ions in the blood
o __________________________________________________

the kidneys monitor and control blood pH through the excretion and reabsorption of
certain ions

________________________________________________________
o principal job is the removal of urea and the regulation of water in the bloodstream
Waste Products

______________________
o end product of __________________ _________________
_____________________________in body cells
o water soluble
o primary end product of the urinary system
o _______________________________________

________________________
o end product of the deamination of amino groups
o ______________________________________
o converted to urea in the liver in land mammals

_________________________
o end product from creatinine phosphate in muscle metabolism
Structures of the Urinary System

kidneys
o reddish brown organs
o ______________________________________ (4 inches long, 2 inches wide, 1 inch thick in an
average sized adult)
o located on either side of the spinal column, anchored against the dorsal (back) body wall by
connective tissue
o ______________________________________________________________________________
________________________

renal vein
o carries blood from the kidneys back to the heart

renal artery
o carries blood into the kidney

ureter
o muscular tube
o ______________________________________________________________________________
________________________

urinary bladder
o urine storage, can hold up to 600 to 1000 mL of urine
o ___________________________________________

stretch receptors indicate when it is full, signal notifies the brain resulting in the desire to
urinate

urethra
o tube that connects the urinary bladder to the outside
The Components of the Urinary System

The Kidneys
composed of over __________________________________

produces urine

positioned so that urine flows into a collecting duct with several nephrons entering the same collecting
duct
3 Main Regions of the Kidney

renal ________________________
o _________________________________
o dips down in between a radially striated or lined inner layer

renal ________________________
o consists of cone shaped tissue masses called renal pyramids

renal ________________________
o central space or cavity that is continuous with the ureter
o ___________________________________________________
Other Key Kidney Anatomical Terms
 Hilum
o Medial indentation
o Point of entry for ________________________ and ___________________________
o Point of exit for renal vein and _______________________
 Calyces
o Cup-shaped area
o Enclose the tip of the _______________________________
o _____________________________________________
 Kidneys protected and stabilized by connective tissue
o ____________________________

Encloses kidney

Gives _________________________appearance
o Adipose capsule

____________________________ that helps hold the kidney in place
 Medullary pyramids
o ____________________________ with a striped appearance
 _______________________________________
o Separate the medullary pyramids
Blood Supply
 Kidneys receive ____________________________ of total cardiac output
 Blood Flow
1. Renal artery
2. ________________________________
3. Lobar arteries
4. Interlobar arteries
5. _______________________________
6. Interlobular arteries
7. Interlobular veins
8. __________________________
9. Interlobar veins
10. ___________________________________
The Nephron
 ______________________________________________

each has its own blood supply provided by 2 capillary regions

role is to filter wastes while retaining water and other vital materials
Structures of the Nephron

Bowman's (glomerular) capsule
o closed end of a nephron pushed in on itself forming a cuplike structure
o ______________________________________________________________________________
________________________
o outer layer made up of squamous epithelial cells
o inner layer composed of podocytes that have long cytoplasmic processes
o ___________________________________________________

Glomerulus
o knot of capillaries inside the glomerular capsule
o _____________________________________________

Afferent arteriole
o carries blood to the glomerulus

Efferent arteriole
o carries blood away from the glomerulus
o ___________________________________________________

Renal Tubule
o Consists of


_____________________________________

Rest of the tubule divided into ________________ regions
Rest of tubule
o About 1.25 inch long
o Coils and twists before entering the collecting duct
o 3 different regions


proximal convoluted tubule

loop of Henle

distal convoluted tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule
o ___________________________________________________
o lined by tightly packed epithelial cells with numerous microvilli about 1 m in length forming a
brush border (increases surface area)
o ______________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
o found in the renal cortex

___________________________________
o as the tube narrows, a U-turn making a loop in the tubule
o consists of a descending limb that allows water to leave and an ascending limb where NaCl
leaves
o __________________________________________

Distal convoluted tubule
o last tubule region following the loop of Henle
o lacks microvilli
o ______________________________________________________________________________
________________________
o found in the renal cortex

_________________________________
o area where urine is collected in the kidney
o ______________________________________________________________________________
________________________
o many collecting ducts in each kidney
o ____________________________________________
o found in the renal medulla

Capillary Beds
o Glomerulus

Specialized for ___________________________

Unlike any other in the body because it is both fed and drained by arterioles, which are
high-resistance vessels
o Peritubular capillary network
The Kidney

surrounds the loop of Henle and the nephron

___________________________________________________
The Nephron