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My Experience in Scientific Writing Shiqiang Wan Before Manuscript Writing • Read Paper from the Flagship Journals • Keep reading (at least one paper per week) • Write paper review (2-3 pages), one per week Recommended Flagship Journals of Ecology and Botany • Science, Nature, PNAS, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, Annual Review of Ecology and Sysmatics, • Ecology, Ecological Monographs, Ecological Applications, Frontiers in Ecology and Environment, • Journal of Ecology, Journal of Applied Ecology, Functional Ecology, • American Naturalist, Oecologia, Oikos, • Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics • Ecology Letters, Ecosystems, • Global Change Biology, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Global Ecology & Biogeography • Journal of Experimental Botany, Plant, Cell, & Environment • New Phytologist, American Journal of Botany, • Soil Biology & Biochemistry, Plant and Soil 文章评阅报告要求 • 1.英文写作;12号字,左侧对称,用自己的语言组织, 不得抄袭文章中的句子和段落。 • 2.给文章打分,可分为A+、A-、B+、B-、C+、C-、D+、 D-几个档次。 • 3.注明文章的题目、作者、出版刊物名称、卷、期、页 码;评阅人员姓名和日期。 • 4.介绍文章的背景、出发点和假设、研究方法、主要结 果、结论和意义。 • 5.指出该文章的优缺点。 • 6.该文章对你的研究有何启发;查找其中引用的重要文 献。 • 7.根据所有已经阅读的文献,归纳提出新的观点和假设, 并设计可行的实验来验证。 • 8.在读书报告写出之后,要仔细检查几遍,上、下标, 大、小写等格式问题一定要认真修改后方可上交。 Scope Introduction Background Methods Results Discussion Implications Make idea go smoothly and consistently Introduction Warming Precipitation N addition Results b Warming Precipitation N addition Discussion a Warming Precipitation N addition c Tips • Introduction: present tense • Methods and Result: past tense • Discussion: present tense Begin from Which Section? • • • • • • Materials and Methods Results Introduction Discussion Conclusion Abstract Results • The most important issue: Data Mining; Play with your data! • Define all the possible relationships among parameters • Prepare the figures and tables in the way that be used in the manuscript • Select most relevant and significant results that can make the study a good story The right way to present interactions • The main effects of both warming (P<0.05) and increasing precipitation (P<0.05) were statistically significant. Warming stimulated Y by ??% whereas precipitation reduced it by ??% • Warming and increased precipitation interacted to affect Y (P<0.01). Warming reduced Y by ??% under ambient precipitation, but increased it by ??% under increased precipitation. Increased precipitation enhanced Y by??% without warming and suppressed it by ?? % warming, respectively. 3.0 Root turnover (yr -1) C W P 2.0 1.0 0.0 2006 2007 WP Discussion • Comparison of your results with others • Seek for the underlying mechanisms of the changes in the measured parameters. • Implications or extrapolations of your findings. • Define unresolved questions for future research Discussion • Complex interactions among multiple ecological components and processes require to explain changes in one variable with all other variables with available data. • When explaining your result, do not to speculate unless you can support your argument with data in your or previous studies. Discussion • Do not repeat results: • Wrong: There were significant effects of warming × increased precipitation interactions on cumulative root production, mortality. • Right: Significant effects of warming × increased precipitation interactions on cumulative root production, mortality observed in this study suggest Introduction • Literature review • Correct judgment on progress of the research related to your study. • Define critical scientific questions that have not been answered yet and can, at least partly, be answered in your study. • Propose hypotheses based on solid findings and reasonable speculation Conclusion • Concise and informative. Abstract • Importance, methods, major findings, conclusion • Numerical presentation • “Talk-home” message that you can describe your study with one sentence and the reader can remember your study easily. • Do not use LONG sentence, separate it into several short sentences each with its own major point. For Chinese Authors • Put Given (first) Name (名) first, then Family name (姓). • “Shiqiang Wan or S. Wan ” in US, “Wan, Shiqiang or Wan S” in UK Other • Capital case at the beginning of the sentence • Use one tense in a sentence • Check 主语与谓语的单复数是否一致 • Do not always use “And”, “So”, “But”, “While” at the beginning of the sentence. • Use “in” rather than “of” after “change”, “difference”, “Reduction” “Increase”, “Decrease”