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ERA 6 E XAM
Part I: Multiple Choice
1. In Europe, a major characteristic of
humanism was…
a. a belief in the supremacy of the state in
relation to individual rights .
b. a rejection of ancient civilizations and
their cultures.
c. an emphasis on social control and
obedience to national rulers.
d. an appreciation for the basic worth of
individual achievement.
5. One factor that enabled the Renaissance to
flourish in Italy was that the country had…
a. a wealthy class that invested in the arts.
b. a socialist form of government.
c. limited contact with the Byzantine
Empire.
d. a shrinking middle class.
6. How was European society during the
Renaissance different from European society
during the Middle Ages?
a. the Church was no longer influential.
b. the emphasis on individual worth
increased.
c. economic activity declined.
d. art no longer contained religious themes.
2. Which statement best describes a
characteristic of the Renaissance?
a. the social structure became very rigid
b. creativity in the arts was encouraged
c. the political structure was similar to that
of the Roman Empire
d. humanism decreased in importance
7. Which statement concerning the
Renaissance in Europe is based on opinion
rather than on fact?
a. The Bible began to appear in languages
other than Latin.
b. The art of the Michelangelo was superior
to that of Leonardo da Vinci.
c. Art reflected the ideas of humanism and
individualism.
d. Art produced during the Renaissance
had religious as well as secular themes.
3. Which statement describes a direct effect of
the Renaissance in Europe?
a. The philosophy of humanism brought
about a decrease in the power of the
Roman Catholic Church.
b. Art began to reflect an increased
emphasis on religious themes.
c. Nationalistic movements among the
minority ethnic groups in the region
declines.
d. The feudal system was developed to
provide stability in a decentralized
political structure.
8. The spread of Martin Luther’s views led to
the establishment of…
a. Judaism.
b. Catholicism.
c. Mormonism.
d. Protestantism.
4. The Renaissance and the Protestant
Reformation were similar in that both were…
a. stimulated by a spirit of inquiry.
b. supported by the working class.
c. limited to Italy, France, and Germany.
d. encouraged by the successes of the
French Revolution.
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9. A direct effect of the Columbian Exchange
and the Age of Exploration was the spread
of…
a. Judaism.
b. Buddhism.
c. Christianity.
d. Islam.
14. Why was it beneficial for the Scientific
Revolution figures to be born during the
Renaissance time period?
a. The Renaissance was a time of great
weather which led to new inventions.
b. The Renaissance was a time period
of questioning previous beliefs of the
universe.
c. Because Florence was full of patrons.
d. Because Pisa was the home of
Europe’s finest universities.
10. Which 16th century empire was located in
Mexico?
a. Aztecs
b. Incans
c. Mongols
d. Mali
15. Which was an immediate result of the
European Age of Exploration?
a. Islamic culture spread across Africa
and Asia.
b. European influence spread to the
Western hemisphere.
c. Independence movements developed
in Asia and Africa.
d. Military dictatorships were
established throughout Europe.
11. Martin Luther’s 95 Thesis was a call for…
a. religious revolt against the German
princes.
b. reforms within the Roman Catholic
Church.
c. greater papal authority.
d. crusades to spread Christianity.
12. In Europe, a major immediate effect of the
Reformation was a…
a. renewed domination of the Catholic
Church over the German states.
b. greater tolerance of religions other
than Christianity.
c. decrease in educational opportunities
for the middle class.
d. increase in new Christian
denominations in Europe and a
decline of Catholic Church power.
16. The Native American population of Mexico
in 1492 has been estimated at 25 million; the
population in 1608 has been estimated at 1.7
million. This decrease in population was
mainly a result of…
a. crop failures brought on by poor
weather conditions.
b. emigration of Native Americans to
Europe and Africa.
c. wars between various native groups.
d. diseases introduced by the Spanish
explorers.
13. During the Renaissance, which development
contributed most to the Protestant
Reformation?
a. Interest in Ancient Greece and Rome
b. Advances in mathematics and
science
c. Questioning of traditional authority
d. Attention to realism and detail
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17. In the Americas during the period of
European colonialism, the deaths of large
numbers of the native people led to…
a. a decline in Spanish immigration to
the Americas.
b. the removal of most Spanish troops
from the Americas.
c. the importation of slaves from
Africa.
d. improved health care in the colonies.
20. History of slavery in Brazil
1819 – slaves were 1/3 of the population
1825 – slaves were 1/2 of the population
1888 – slavery ended; however many
freedoms were not given
Slavery existed in Brazil until 1888. Which is
likely an effect of the history of slavery in Brazil?
a.
b.
c.
d.
18. One reason the Spanish conquistadors were
able to conquer the Aztec and Inca Empires
rapidly is that…
a. these empires had no standing
armies.
b. the Spanish had better weapons than
the Aztecs and Incas did.
c. the Spanish greatly outnumbered the
Aztecs and Incas.
d. the Aztecs and Incas joined together
to fight the Spanish.
high levels of literacy
many different ecological climates
an abundance of jobs
large differences of income
21. One result of the European conquest of
Latin America was that in Latin America…
a. Spanish became the major spoken
language.
b. native American cultures flourished.
c. the Aztec religion spread.
d. many parliamentary democracies
were established.
19. Which was a characteristic of the policy of
mercantilism?
a. The colonies were forced to develop
local industries to support
themselves.
b. Spain sought trade agreements
between its colonies and the English
colonies in North America.
c. The colonies were required to
provide raw materials to European
countries.
d. Spain encouraged the colonies to
develop new political systems to
meet colonial needs.
22. Francis Bacon, Galileo, and Isaac Newton
promoted the idea that knowledge should be
based on…
a. the experiences of past civilizations.
b. scientific inquiry.
c. emotions and feelings.
d. the teachings of the Catholic Church.
23. Which statement best describes the works of
Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, and
Sir Isaac Newton.?
a. The acceptance of traditional
authority was strengthened.
b. The scientific method was used to
solve problems.
c. Funding to education was increased
by the English government.
d. Interest in Greek and Roman drama
was renewed.
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24. How did Johannes Gutenberg’s invention of
the printing press have an effect on the
Reformation?
28. For what reason would a society undergo
change?
a. A change in authority/power.
b. New scientific discoveries.
c. New religious and/or governmental
beliefs.
d. All of the above.
a. It meant scholars no longer had to travel.
b. It created jobs for monks.
c. It led to the establishment of new
universities.
d. It spread new ideas and translations
of the Bible.
29. Suppose you could look at several paintings
made in Italy during the Renaissance. Which
would most likely be included in the
paintings?
a. A focus on animals living free in
nature.
b. Mythological creatures from fairy
tales.
c. Focus on human achievement and
correct body structures.
d. Religious figures that have
disproportional body features.
25. What was one goal of the Council of Trent?
a. To put an end to punishing people
for heresy.
b. To reach agreements with Protestant
leaders.
c. To correct previous abuses in the
Catholic Church.
d. To translate the Bible into every
language in the known world.
26. The Columbian Exchange refers to…
a. The trading of spices, silks, and
porcelain between Europe and Asia.
b. The voyage of Christopher
Columbus from Spain to the
Americans.
c. The bringing into, such as goods or
diseases to one country from another.
d. The exchange of ideas, foods, and
diseases between the Old World and
the New World.
30. Galileo Galilei was put on house arrest by
the Roman Catholic Church for supporting
what theory of the universe?
a. Models of Stars
b. Adamist
c. Geo-centrism
d. Helio-centrism
31. Which geographic factor contributed most to
Italy’s economic success during the
Renaissance?
a. its mountains
b. its location
c. its forests
d. its climate
27. Which factor influenced the settlement of
coastal regions of West Africa during the
Age of Exploration?
a. economic resources such as gold,
silver, and salt
b. European overpopulation
c. diplomatic relations
d. physical geography of the coast
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Part II: Primary Source Readings
32. Christians should be taught that he who gives to a poor man or lends to a needy man does better than if
he used the money to buy an indulgence.
Which major movement in European history started with the idea expressed in this statement?
a. The Scientific Revolution
b. The Age of Exploration
c. The Renaissance
d. The Protestant Reformation
33. Unless I am convinced by Scripture and plain reason... my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I
cannot and I will not recant anything, for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. Here I stand,
I cannot do otherwise.
-Martin Luther, The Diet of Worms, 1517
When Martin Luther said “my conscience is captive to the Word of God,” he was referring to his belief in…
a.
b.
c.
d.
the supremacy of the Bible over Church policies.
imprisoning those who disagreed with Church teachings.
maintaining the unity of the Church.
the need for nepotism.
34. The Spanish conducted slave-raiding expeditions along the west coast of Africa before the Navàez and
de Soto expeditions to Florida, a practice that had become widespread through the Spanish new world
since the Columbian voyages. Queen Isabella forbade the practice, but the Spanish monarchs agreed in
1503 to what was later called the Encomienda system. Under this system, Spaniards would be granted an
allotment of Indians who were to be protected and Christianized. In essence the natives became forced
laborers who worked the land, labored in the mines, and constructed public buildings.
- Hernando de Soto, The Discovery of the Mississippi, 1519
How did the Spanish leaders in the Americas misuse the Encomienda system?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Missionaries attempted to build Christian institutions for the natives.
Natives were forced to pay leaders gold for protection.
Land was taken from the inhabitants and natives were enslaved.
Natives were introduced to the practice of democracy.
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Part III: Graphs
35. This table describes the triangular trade between Europe, the Americas, and…
Exports from the Americas




Imports to the Americas




Gold
Sugar
Tobacco
Furs
a.
b.
c.
d.
Slaves
Iron
Furniture
Books
Africa
Asia
Australia
South America
36. Which of the following most likely resulted from the change in this table?
European Cities with Printing Presses
1470 – 1500
a.
b.
c.
d.
Year
Number of Cities
1470
14
1480
104
1490
167
1500
213
Higher literacy rates
Decline in religion
Stronger monarchies (kings and queens)
End of the Renaissance
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#37
Protestantism
Catholicism
Lutheranism
#38
Methodist Church
37. What correctly goes in the box above?
a. Islam
b. Christianity
c. Buddhism
d. Hinduism
38. What correctly goes in the box above?
a. Baptist
b. Islam
c. Christianity
d. Buddhism
Part IV: Constructed Response: Write on a notecard (2 points)
39. & 40. According to the illustration on the board, what were the causes of the Renaissance time period
and in your opinion, which one had the greatest impact? Why?
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