Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps wikipedia , lookup
Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution wikipedia , lookup
Issues of the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
Reconstruction era wikipedia , lookup
Carpetbagger wikipedia , lookup
Disenfranchisement after the Reconstruction Era wikipedia , lookup
Before 1877… American Civil War from 1861-1865 The North wanted to preserve The Union The South wanted to become a separate nation The major issues; States’ Rights and Slavery The South was defeated; 1865-1877 Reconstruction Period--US govt wanted to re-unite the US; also to re-admit and re-build South; battles had occurred in South Southern way of life and economy was destroyed; Also how to incorporate newly freed AfAm into American society American Civil War Abraham Lincoln-POTUS 1861-1864 and re-elected Nov.1864 and assassinated April 14, 1865 Jefferson Davis-CSA Confederate States of America-President; capital Richmond, VA 11 Southern states Post ACW 1865 The southern states suffered total destruction because the ACW had been fought in the South Entire cities, farms, and businesses were destroyed. The South’s economy had to completely re-built. It would take 50 years to re-build the South Reconstruction 1865-1877 By 1877 all the southern states had been re-admitted to The Union US govt began Reconstruction and major effort was how to secure the CPR of AfAm and How to re-unite the Union Civil War Amendments 13-1865; Slavery (Involuntary Servitude) prohibited 14-1868 US Citizenship extended to Af-Am; and Equal Protection Clause-; govt cannot discriminate against a group of people; Due Process Clause of 14th Amd—All persons are entitled to same rights and freedoms; 15-1870; Af-Am Right to Suffrage/vote Impact of 13-14-15 Amds 13-14-15 Amds established Civil and Political Rights for African-Americans. The Civil War Amds are also known as; Black Amds or Civil War Amds African-Americans experienced 12 years (1865-1877) of equality before losing their Civil and Political Rights. Black Leaders Dr. W.E.B. DuBois--AfAm should be given their CPR immediately; that was the law Dr. Booker T. Washington--AfAm should work, live a good life and whites would accept them into American society; get an education and prove themselves—BTW created Tuskegee Institute Dr. George Washington Carver-taught at Tuskegee Institute 1890s W.E.B. DuBois 1865-1877 Reconstruction AfAm were appointed and elected to office in the southern states After the ACW two groups of whites Scalawags and Carpetbaggers are in control of the southern states Carpetbaggers Scalawags Both groups work to re-build and reconstruct the South The Freedmen’s Bureau Freedmen’s Bureau; US govt agency (1867) to help poor AfAm in the South after the ACW. The Freedmen’s Bureau established black schools in the South. The Black Codes 1865-1877 The Black Codes were laws passed by Southern states that limited the CPR of African Americans. Tried to re-establish the old Slave Codes Black Codes prevented African Americans from owning guns, holding public meetings, or renting property in cities. Black Codes were banned by 1870 Ku Klux Klan 1866 white southerners created Ku Klux Klan. KKK--secret society opposed to African Americans’ CPR; KKK used violence and intimidation to frighten blacks to keep them from voting Klan members wore white robes/hoods to hide their identities. Unfortunately the KKK murdered many Af-Am. KKK existed until 1970s; present day groups Hiram Revels and Blanche K. Bruce HR was the first AfAm US Senator BKB was the second AfAm US Senator Hiram Revels 1876 Presidential Election Disputed election returns from 4 states A President could not be confirmed because of the dispute Committee of 15 appointed 8R—7D; The Committee of 15 would decide who would be President R-Rutherford B. Hayes D-Samuel J. Tilden Compromise of 1877 Committee of 15 selected Hayes Hayes then removed the Union troops from the Southern states Then a group of white southernerns regained control of the southern states’ govt which had been under the control of AfAm and people who supported Reconstruction AfAm lost their CPR in 1877 Black Disenfranchisement End of Reconstruction 1876-1877 Jim Crow laws created 1877 Blacks had to stay in separate hotels, sit in separate parts of theaters, ride in separate rail cars, and have separate schools, libraries, and parks. This is known as Segregation. Segregation - the legal separation of Blacks and Whites in public places Methods used to deny AfAm their CPR Laws passed in South 1870s A poll tax was one method used by southern states to prevent Af-Am from voting. Another law stated an Af-Am could vote only if their Grandfather had voted. These laws were called the Grandfather Clause. Literacy Tests; required AfAm to know how to read and write to vote Sharecropping the South How did the Poll Tax-Grandfather Clause and the Literacy Test limit AfAm rights? 2$ to vote in MS Most AfAms’ Grandfathers could not vote 20-30-40 years earlier Slave Codes stated it was against the law to teach a slave how to read and write; no schools; very very few Free Person of Color- The Barber of Natchez Plessy v Ferguson (1896) SCOTUS ruled segregation was legal in Plessy v Ferguson. Court decision stated segregation was fair as long as “separate-but-equal” facilities were provided for African Americans. AfAm facilities were always separate and unequal; Denial of CPR Segregation was know the law of the land AfAm were denied their CPR and it would be 70 years (1964) before segregation was ruled illegal The Great Plains/Frontier/West Prior to 1865 Only a few traveled-fur traders and Mountain Men Very few settlers moved to the West Cross Rocky Mountains and NAI attacked Dangerous and no towns/settlements 1848-1849 Gold Rush-population increase No Railroads-difficult to travel Unknown region Settlers Move Westward 1865-1900 Native American Culture How was it different? religion/traditions/food/worshipped nature Buffalo herds and NAI cultureFactors for Migration West Start new life after Civil War Own land and farm Adventure and economic opportunities Seek fame and fortune Homestead Act 1862 US govt gave away free land in the West Thousands moved Exodusters Travel Housing Conflict with NAI Very very difficult life on the Frontier Beginning of The American Dream Transcontinental Railroad 1869 Creation of a national economy Removal of the NAI Conflict with cattle ranchers and farmers Progress Travel across nation Transcontinental Railroad Transcontinental Railroad Union Pacific: built westward from Omaha, NE; Irish immigrants provided labor Central Pacific: built eastward from Sacramento, CA; Chinese immigrants provided labor-most stayed in San F, CA completed May 1869--Met in Promontory, Utah Wedding of the Rails—Golden Spike—cost 73$ million; Settlements build along the tracks What problems were associated with RR construction Settlers Meet Challenges of Great Plains Immigrants, CW veterans, Exodusters, miners; small businesses/products needed Westward Movement; economic prosperity and growth; National Economy created; how-why? Technology/Inventions Barbed Wire Steel materials (RR tracks) Levi Strauss/blue jeans John Deere Iron Plow Windmill Sod Houses Agriculture on the Great Plains New farming techniques used Large single-crop farms; thousands of acres Increased supply affected prices; supply and demand; mechanization/mass produced crops; Higher RR costs and higher bank loan rates increased farmers debt; led to many farms going out of business Gilded Age 1877-1900 Characteristics Reconstruction and Black Life Western Movement Railroad Industry Immigration Urbanization Industrialization Labor Unions Gilded Age 1877-1900 How did each Characteristic impact and change the USA