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RSPT 1325 Sciences Unit 2: review 4/29/2017 9:01:08 AM pg. 1 Sciences: Unit 2: KEY Chemistry Review Name: Date: /2007 1. 2. 3. The Atom is: a. the smallest subdivision of a substance that still holds the properties of that substance b. consists of proton, neutrons in the nucleus and orbiting electrons in shells c. consists of electrons, neutrons in the nucleus and orbiting protons in shells d. both a and b e. both a and c Physical properties of an element are: a. measurable properties that we can sense or measure: smell, taste, color, as well as boiling and freezing points b. describe the element’ ability to interact with other atoms, or elements Chemical properties of an element a. measurable properties that we can sense or measure: smell, taste, color, as well as boiling and freezing points b. describe the element’ ability to interact with other atoms, or elements 4. The proton: a. has a + charge b. No charge c. Has a – charge 5. The neutron: a. has a + charge b. No charge c. Has a – charge 6. The electron: a. has a + charge b. No charge c. Has a – charge 7. True/False The number of electrons is always equal to the number of neutrons in the atom. 8. If you have 24 protons in an atom, you would have –electrons in the shells. a. 12 b. 24 c. 48 d. None of these 9. There are – natural elements; the other 14 were created by particle accelerators. a. 101 b. 106 c. 92 d. 52 10. the atomic number is: a. equal to the number of electrons in the shells b. equal to the number of proton in the nucleus c. equal to the number of neutrons in the nucleus d. both a and b e. both b and c 11. The atomic mass is equal to: a. the number of electrons in the shells b. the number of proton in the nucleus c. number of neutrons in the nucleus d. both a and b e. both b and c 12. If Ca has an atomic weight of 20, then it will have how many proton and how many electrons. a. 10 and 20 b. 10 and 10 c. 20 and 20 d. 20 and 40 13. While mass doesn’t change, what changes the weight of an element? a. Light b. Time c. Gravity d. None of these weights of elements don’t change 14. Avogadro’s number: a. Is 6.02 x 10 23 b. Is 6.02 x 10 -23 c. is the number of particles contained in each gram atomic weight d. Both a and c e. Both b and c 15. True/False One mole of any substance contains exactly 6.02 x 10 23 particles of that substance. RSPT 1325 Sciences Unit 2: review 4/29/2017 9:01:08 AM pg. 2 16. Isotopes: a. they have same protons but the number of neutrons varies. b. Have the same atomic number which is based on the proton c. May have different atomic masses because the number of neutrons vary d. a and b only e. a, b and c 17. The degradation of heavy isotopes is called: a. Oxidation b. Reduction c. Radioactivity d. Half life 18. If a substance has a half-life of 15 years, this means that: a. The element will have degraded completely in that time b. The element will have degraded by 50% in that time 19. The first shell of an atom holds how many electrons at most? a. 2 b. 8 c. 16 d. 32 20. the second shell of an atom holds how many electrons at most? a. 2 b. 8 c. 18 d. 32 21. The third shell of an atom holds how many electrons at most? a. 2 b. 8 c. 18 d. 32 22. the 4th shell of an atom holds how many electrons at most? a. 2 b. 8 c. 18 d. 32 23. the 5th shell of an atom holds how many electrons at most? a. 2 b. 8 c. 18 d. 32 24. the 6th shell of an atom holds how many electrons at most? a. 2 b. 8 c. 18 d. 32 25. If you have an element with the atomic number of 10, how many electrons are in the outer shell? a. 6 b. 8 c. 2 d. None of these 26. If you have an element with the atomic number of 22, how many electrons are in the outer shell? a. 6 b. 8 c. 2 d. 4 27. Which of these two elements would be more likely to be reactive with other elements, the one with atomic number of 12 or the one with the atomic number of 14? a. 12 b. 14 c. Both are reactive d. Both are stable 28. An atom with a valence of -3 is an atom that will a. accepts 3 more electron. b. Lose 3electron 29. An atom with a valence of +4 is one that will a. Accept 4 electrons b. lose 4 electrons. 30. An element that contains 8 electrons in its outer shell will be: a. Very reactive b. None reactive c. A noble gas d. A and c e. B and c 31. carbon makes up about: a. 90% of the body b. 60% of the body c. 18% of the body d. 9% of the body e. 3% of the body RSPT 1325 Sciences Unit 2: review 4/29/2017 9:01:08 AM pg. 3 32. oxygen makes up about: a. 90% of the body b. 60% of the body c. 18% of the body d. 9% of the body e. 3% of the body 33. hydrogen makes up about: a. 90% of the body b. 60% of the body c. 18% of the body d. 9% of the body e. 3% of the body 34. nitrogen makes up: a. 90% of the body b. 60% of the body c. 18% of the body d. 9% of the body e. 3% of the body 35. two 0xygen atoms combined together form a: a. compound b. molecule 36. two hydrogen and one oxygen atom combined together form a: a. compound b. molecule 37. Organic molecules will always: a. Contain oxygen atoms b. Contain carbon atoms c. Be found in living creatures d. Contain hydrogen atoms e. All but a 38. NaCl is an example of: a. A covalent bond b. A compound c. Ionic bond d. Both a and b e. Both b and c 39. Solutions are: a. homogenous mixtures of 2 or more compounds. b. These can be gases, liquids or solids. c. Both a and b 40. Solutions are: a. solutes that dissolve into solvents. b. are usual clear because the compounds are in atomic and molecular form. c. They do not settle out, nor bend light. d. A, b and c e. A and b only 41. Collides: a. Are mixtures of slightly larger compounds in solvents. b. can appear milky or cloudy. c. can revert between solid [gel] and liquid [sol] state. d. Both a and b e. A, b and c 42. Suspensions are: a. heterogeneous mixtures of 2 or more compounds which are large sometimes visible solutes. b. opaque and can settle out. c. Both a and b d. None of these 43. In ionic bonds: a. The chemical bond results from an exchange of charges b. Results in both cations and anions c. Because opposites charges attract the bond holds d. A, b and c e. A and b only 44. Na+: a. b. c. d. e. 45. Cl- a. b. c. d. e. Is a ion Is a cation Is a anion Both a and b Both a and c Is a ion Is a cation Is a anion Both a and b Both a and c 46. Covalent bonds: a. Are created by 2 or more atoms sharing electrons in their outer shell b. Are always polar c. Are always nonpolar d. Both a and b e. Both a and c 47. Hydrogen bonds a. Are very weak b. Are impossible to break c. Are due to attraction of negative and positive charges d. Both a and c e. Both b and c 48. Sythesis reactions: a. atoms combine RSPT 1325 Sciences Unit 2: review 4/29/2017 9:01:08 AM pg. 4 b. c. form the constructive bonding or anabolic actions of the body. Both 57. True/False An example of hydrolysis is the creation of H+ out of CO2 + H2O 49. True/False Anabolic chemical reactions tend to use up energy. 50. True/False Breaking bonds tends to release energy 51. Decomposition reactions: a. pulls apart into separate elements b. in the body are called Catabolic reactions c. are used break down protein into amino acids, carbohydrates into simple sugars. d. A, b and c e. A and b only 52. Exchange reactions: a. These are combinations of sythesis and decomposition reactions. b. In an exchange reaction bonds are broken and ‘partners’ are changed with new bonds created. c. Both a & b 53. Reactions in which molecules are pulled apart and energy released are: a. catabolic reaction b. sythesis reactions c. decomposition reactions d. both a and b e. both a and c 54. Reactions in which molecules are assembled and energy is used up: a. catabolic reaction b. sythesis reactions c. decomposition reactions d. both a and b e. both a and c 55. 4H a. b. c. d. e. + C CH4 is a: Decomposition reaction Sythesis reaction Will use up energy Both a and c Both b and c 56. True/False Water reacts with some substances by breaking them down. This is called hydrolysis. 58. The role of water in the body’s chemistry: a. the universal solvent b. will disassociate some molecules because of its polarity. c. will cool off reactions d. All of these 59. AB a. b. c. d. e. A + B is a: Decomposition reaction Sythesis reaction Will use up energy Both a and c Both b and c 60. AB + C AC + B a. Decomposition reaction b. Sythesis reaction c. Exchange reactions 61. Oxidation reduction reaction: a. both sythesis and decomposition b. it loses an electron c. it gains an electron d. Both a and b e. A, b, and c 62. C6H1206 + 6O2 6C02 + 6H2O + ATP a. is cellular respiration b. Is an oxidation reduction reaction c. sugar in turned into energy d. a, b and c e. a and b only 63. True/False Factors that will effect chemical reactions in the body usually result from atoms smashing into one other 64. Factors that will effect chemical reactions in the body: a. Temperature b. Time c. Concentration d. Catalysts e. A, c and d f. A, b c and d 65. True/False Substances that quickens or starts a reaction without changing itself is a catalyst. RSPT 1325 Sciences Unit 2: review 4/29/2017 9:01:08 AM pg. 5 66. True/False In the renal cell, the hydrolysis of C02 can be speeded up by the catalyst, carbonic anhydrase. 67. True/False Because the catalyst doesn’t change, a few molecules of a given catalyst can be available for thousands of reactions in rapid succession. 68. CO2 + H2O a. b. c. d. e. H2C03 HCO3- + H+ Is the hydrolysis of carbon dioxide Is an unstable reaction Is the catabolism of carbon dioxide A and b B and c 69. Because H2CO3 is so unstable it can turn into: a. CO2 + H2O b. HCO3- + H+ c. Both 70. True/False As more and more HCO3and H+ accumulate, the action moves back toward the creation of more C02 and H2O 71. True/False As H+ build up in the body, some acids can be removed in the form of exhaled C02. 72. True/False H+ determine the pH of the body. 73. True/False C02 is one substance that determines how much free H+ is in the body. 74. Correction: Carbonic anhydrase: a. Catalysis b. Speeds up the conversation of glucose into energy c. Speeds up the hydrolysis of C02. d. a and b e. a and c 75. True/False: pH is a measurement of acidity of a substance. 76. True/False: The pH of the body is determined by the number of free H+ present in the body. 77. True/False: More H+ in the body, the more acidic it is. 78. When we add CO2 to the H2O in the blood, we will: a. Increase the free H+ b. Decrease the free H+ c. Change the pH by making it more acidic d. Both a and c e. Both b and c 79. The relationship between 1 pH unit change: a. 10fold change in H+ concentration. b. It is logarithmic relationship c. Forms the bases for the Log in the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation d. All of these 80. Because blood is mostly water, the normal pH of arterial blood is: a. 7.35 to 7.45. b. 7.34 to 7.37. c. about 5 d. 7.0 81. Because it has more C02 in it, venous blood has a pH of: a. 7.35 to 7.45. b. 7.34 to 7.37. c. about 5 d. 7.0 82. Because its job is to get rid of acids, the pH of urine is: a. 7.35 to 7.45. b. 7.34 to 7.37. c. about 5 d. 7.0 83. True/False C02 can be released at the lungs during exhalation, we can get rid of excessive H+ by breathing slower 84. Correction: A buffer is: a. A substance that captures a H+ b. A substance that releases a H+ c. Will change the pH d. Both a and c e. Both b and c 85. HC03- is a buffer: a. Captures H+ to become carbonic acid b. Captures H+ to become C02 and H20 c. Releases H+ so that the H+ becomes 2H d. Both a and b 86. As C02 rises, the pH will: a. Drop b. rise c. Become more acidic RSPT 1325 Sciences Unit 2: review 4/29/2017 9:01:08 AM pg. 6 d. e. f. Become more basic A and c B and d 87. As HC03- rises, the pH will: a. Drop b. rise c. Become more acidic d. Become more basic e. A and c f. B and d 88. Correction: If both the HC03- and the C02 rise, the pH might: a. Become more acidic b. Become more basic c. Stay in the normal limits because both have canceled each other out. 89. The boiling point of a substance will turn it from: a. Solid to gas b. Liquid to solid c. Liquid to gas 90. The freezing point of a substance will turn it from: a. Solid to gas b. Liquid to solid c. Liquid to gas 91. Sublimation of a substance will turn it: a. Solid to gas b. Liquid to solid c. Liquid to gas 92. Convert a. b. c. d. 500C to F: 68 98.2 100 104 93. Convert 500 F to C: a. 68 b. 9.99 c. 98.2 d. 100 e. 104 94. In Celsius temperature scale which is also called centigrade, the melting point of water and the freezing point of water are: a. 32o and -149.50 b. 0 o and 100 o c. 10 o and 100 o d. 100 o and 1000 o 95. Absolute zero is: a. Found in the Kelvin scale b. Found in the Celsius c. Is the absolute immobility of all molecules d. a and c e. b and c