Download ASKED ROBERT E. LEE TO COMMAND THE UNION TROOPS

THE OPPOSING SIDES
THE CIVIL WAR
CHAPTER 11
CHOOSING SIDES
CHAPTER 11.1
CHOOSING SIDES
• GENERAL WINFIELD SCOTT: ASKED
ROBERT E. LEE TO COMMAND THE UNION
TROOPS
• ROBERT E. LEE: ONE OF THE BEST
SENIOR OFFICERS FROM VA WHO CHOSE
TO SUPPORT THE CONFEDERACY
• MILITARY COLLEGES: 7 OUT OF 8 WERE IN
THE SOUTH (SOUTHERN LOYALTY), SOUTH
HAD LARGE NUMBER OF TRAINED ARMY
OFFICERS
• U.S. NAVY: STRONG, ¾ LOCATED IN THE
NORTH, POOL OF TRAINED SAILORS, NAVY
UNDER UNION CONTROL
SCOTT
LEE
WEST POINT MILITARY ACADEMY
NEW JERSEY
• MottoDuty • Honor •
Country
• 1Established16 March
18022
• TypeFederal military
academySuperintendent3
Admin. staff600
faculty4Undergraduates4,
4875
• Location, ,
Campus15,974 acres
(65 km2)6ColorsBlack,
gray, and gold
AthleticsBlack Knights
24 varsity teams
• AffiliationsPatriot League,
Atlantic Hockey
Association
• Websitewestpoint.edu
Cadets are required to adhere to
the Cadet Honor Code, which
states that "a cadet will not lie,
cheat, steal, or tolerate those who
do." The academy bases a cadet's
leadership experience as a
development of all three pillar's of
performance: academics,
physical, and military.
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
• POPULATION OF THE NORTH: TWICE AS LARGE
AS THE SOUTH GIVING THEM THE ADVANTAGE IN
RAISING AN ARMY AND IN SUPPORTING THE WAR
• POPULATION OF THE SOUTH: 1/3 WAS ENSLAVED
THEREFORE, THEY HAD FEWER PEOPLE TO JOIN
THE ARMY
• INDUSTRIES OF THE NORTH: ECONOMIC
ADVANTAGE OVER THE SOUTH (80% OF U.S.
FACTORIES IN NORTH) (PRODUCE 90% OF
NATIONS PIG IRON
(WEAPONS/EQUIPMENT/FIREARMS AND
GUNPOWDER) AFTER THE WAR THE SOUTH SET
UP ARMORIES AND FOUNDRIES TO PRODUCE
WEAPONS, GUNPOWDER, AND AMMUNITION
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
continued…
• FOOD IN THE SOUTH: ABLE TO PRODUCE LARGE
AMOUNTS, HAD ONLY ONE RAILROAD LINE FOR
MOVING FOOD AND TROOPS (NORTH EASILY
DISRUPTED THE RAIL SYSTEM)
• LEGAL TENDER ACT: 1862, CREATED A NATIONAL
CURRENCY, ALLOWED GOVERNMENT TO ISSUE
GREEN-COLORED PAPER MONEY
(GREENBACKS) NORTH CONTROLS NATIONAL
TREASURY, COLLECT MONEY FROM TARIFFS,
NORTHERN BANKS LOANED THE FEDERAL GOVT.
MONEY BY BUYING GOVERNMENT BONDS
• SOUTHERN ECONOMY: NOT GOOD AT FIRST AND
GOT WORSE (BANKS C/N BUY BONDS, UNION
NAVY BLOCKADED SOUTHERN PORTS WHICH
HURT THE TAXING TRADE, TO RAISE MONEY THE
SOUTH TAXED ITS PEOPLE WHICH MANY REFUSED
TO PAY, PRINT PAPER MONEY WHICH CAUSED
RAPID INFLATION IN THE SOUTH
PARTY POLITICS IN THE NORTH
• LINCOLN’S POLICIES: REPUBLICANS AND
NORTHERN DEMOCRATS CHALLANGED 
LINCOLN’S GOAL WAS TO PRESERVE THE UNION
EVEN IF IT MEANT ALLOWING SLAVERY TO
CONTINUE
• WAR DEMOCRATS: SUPPORTED THE CIVIL WAR
AND RESTORING THE UNION YET WANTED
SLAVERY
• PEACE DEMOCRATS: (REPUBLICANS CALLED
THEM “COPPERHEADS”) OPPOSED THE WAR AND
WANTED TO REUNITE THE STATES BY USING
NEGOTIATION
Clement
Vallandigham
• CONSCRIPTION: MILITIA LAW/DRAFTING OF
PEOPLE FOR MILITARY SERVICE TO FILL THEIR
REGIMENTS (DEMOCRATS OPPOSED THE
LAW/RIOTS ERUPTED)
• HABEAS CORPUS: MILITIA LAW  LINCOLN
SUSPENDED WRITS OF HABEAS CORPUS WHICH
MEANS A PERSON’S RIGHT NOT TO BE
IMPRISONED UNLESS CHARGED WITH A CRIME
AND GIVEN A TRIAL
WEAK SOUTHERN GOVERNMENT
• CONFEDERATE STATES’ RIGHTS: CONSTITUTION
LIMITED PRESIDENT JEFFERSON DAVIS’S ABILITY
TO CONDUCT THE WAR
• SOUTHERN LEADERS: OPPOSED DAVIS’S
POLICIES (CONFEDERACY FORCING PEOPLE TO
JOIN THE ARMY) (SUSPENDING WRITS OF HABEAS
CORPUS) (NEW TAXES)
THE DIPLOMATIC CHALLENGE
• UNITED STATES: DID NOT WANT EUROPEANS TO
RECOGNIZE THE CSA AS AN INDEPENDENT
COUNTRY (RESPECT THE UNION NAVY’S
BLOCKADE OF SOUTHERN PORTS)
• SOUTH: WANT EUROPEANS TO RECOGNIZE THE
CONFEDERACY (DECLARE THE UNION NAVY’S
BLOCKADE ILLEGAL) (WANTED THE BRITISH
NAVY TO HELP THE SOUTH IN THE WAR AND
STOPPED SELLING COTTON TO FRANCE AND
BRITAIN UNTIL THEY WOULD HELP)
TRENT AFFAIR
• 1861 THE CONFEDRACY SENT JAMES
MASON (VA) AND JOHN SLIDELL (LA) TO
EUROPE TO BE PERMANENT MINISTERS TO
BRITAIN AND FRANCE
• A UNION WARSHIP INTERCEPTED THE
TRENT AND MASON AND SLIDELL WERE
ARRESTED  BRITAIN THREATENS THE
U.S. WITH WAR UNLESS LINCOLN FREED
THE MEN WHICH HE DID (CONFEDERACY
NEVER RECEIVED THE SUPPORT OF THE
EUROPEANS)
THE FIRST “MODERN” WAR
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NEW MILITARY TECHNOLOGY AND TACTICS
HUGE ARMIES MADE UP OF CIVILIAN VOLUNTEERS
VAST AMOUNTS OF SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT
NEW CONE-SHAPE BULLETS WERE MORE
ACCURATE AND COULD BE FIRED FASTER THAN
PREVIOUS BULLETS
TRENCHES AND BARRICADES WERE USED FOR
PROTECTION
HIGH CASUALTIES
ATTRITION (WEARING DOWN YOUR OPPONENT
THROUGH THE EXHAUSTION OF SOLDIERS AND
RESOURCES) ARMIES HAD TO KEEP RECRUITS
DEFENSIVE WAR OF ATTRITION: DAVIS WANTED
TO WAGE THIS DEFENSIVE WARFARE AGAINST
THE UNION WHICH OUTRAGED THE SOUTHERN
TROOPS WHO INSTEAD WENT ON THE OFFENSIVE
CHARGING ENEMY LINES AND SUFFERING LARGE
NUMBERS OF CASUALTIES
ANACONDA PLAN
• UNION IMPLEMENTED
• STRATEGY PROPOSED BY WINFIELD
SCOTT
• INCLUDED A BLOCKADE OF
CONFEDERATE PORTS AND SENDING
GUNBOATS DOWN THE MISSISSIPPI
TO DIVIDE THE CONFEDERACY