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Circulatory system Why is the circulatory system important Transfer – Nutrients – Oxygen – Waste – Cells with immune function *Brain cells die within just a few minutes if their oxygen supply is interrupted Path of blood Arteries – carries blood away from heart Arterioles – small vessels that lead to capillaries (away from heart) Capillaries – microscopic vessels with thin porous walls (these pass within a few cells of every cell in the body) Venules – small vessels that capillaries lead to (back to the heart) Veins – carries blood to the heart Mammalian Circulation Blood begins its flow with the right ventricle pumping blood to the lungs In the lungs, the blood loads O2 and unloads CO2 Fig. 42-6 Superior vena cava Capillaries of head and forelimbs 7 Pulmonary artery Pulmonary artery Capillaries of right lung Aorta 9 3 Capillaries of left lung 3 2 4 11 Pulmonary vein Right atrium 1 Pulmonary vein 5 Left atrium 10 Right ventricle Left ventricle Inferior vena cava Aorta 8 Capillaries of abdominal organs and hind limbs Oxygen-rich blood from the lungs enters the heart at the left atrium and is pumped through the aorta to the body tissues by the left ventricle Fig. 42-6 Superior vena cava Capillaries of head and forelimbs 7 Pulmonary artery Pulmonary artery Capillaries of right lung Aorta 9 3 Capillaries of left lung 3 2 4 11 Pulmonary vein Right atrium 1 Pulmonary vein 5 Left atrium 10 Right ventricle Left ventricle Inferior vena cava Aorta 8 Capillaries of abdominal organs and hind limbs • Blood returns to the heart through the superior vena cava (blood from head, neck, and forelimbs) and inferior vena cava (blood from trunk and hind limbs) • The superior vena cava and inferior vena cava flow into the right atrium Superior vena cava Animation Animation: Path of Blood Flow in Mammals Inferior vena cava 7 9 6 2 3 3 4 11 1 5 10 8 78 9 7 106 29 3 5 11 10 3 35 4 1 12 14 56 82 Circulation and Evolution