Download Systems Repair Worksheet

Systems Repair Worksheet Chapter 22
Electronics & Computer Systems
Pages 670-703
Name ______________________
95 Points
Due Date ______
1. Electronics is the technology of ___________________ electricity and all of the basic laws of
electricity also apply to all electronic controls. (Ohm’s Law!) (opens, shorts, high resistances)
2. A _____________ is used to quickly store (charge) & release (discharge) electrical energy.
3. The ability of a capacitor to store energy is called ______________ and the standard of measure
for capacitance is the farad (F). A 1 farad capacitor can store 1 coulomb of charge at 1 volt.
4. Capacitors oppose a change in ______________ and are used as noise reduction units in circuits.
5. Ultra-capacitors or super-capacitors are used in ____________ vehicles to store & release energy.
6. ____________________ are materials with exactly 4 electrons in their “valence rings”.
They can function as either conductors or as insulators and are used to build solid state devices.
7. Common semiconductor materials are ___________ (Si) and _____________ (Ge).
8. Semi-conductors carry current without losing electrons through the concept of _______ _______.
The holes in a P-type material, being positively charged, attract electrons causing movement.
9. The __________ is the simplest semiconductor device. It is a one-way valve for electron flow.
10. The diode contains a ____ junction. A diode conducting is said to be ____________ biased
and will typically have a voltage drop of .4 to .7 volts. (Silicon or Germanium)
11. A diode that is blocking or not allowing flow is said to be ____________ biased and reads OL
when checked with the diode test mode of a DMM. (think of bias as meaning “condition”)
12. Diodes “turn on” (conduct) when the ________________ (direction) of the current flow is correct
and “turn off” (block flow) or (OL) when the polarity is incorrect. anode (+) & cathode (-)
13. Diodes are popular in ________________ systems where they are used to rectify AC to DC.
14. ____________ diodes allow reverse polarity flow with out damage after their “threshold or zener
voltage” is reached. They are used often in charging system voltage regulators. (14.2 zener voltage)
15. _______________ diodes are connected in parallel across coils of wire to prevent damage from
induced voltage spikes returning to the PCM and other electronic components as the coils shut off.
16. When a _______ __________ __________ (LED) is forward biased, it lights up and has a
higher voltage drop than a regular silicon diode.
17. A ______________ is a semiconductor switch “controlled by conditions”. It switches a circuit
on or off from the signal of another circuit. Transistors can be thought of as solid state relays.
18. A transistor is like two diodes assembled back-to-back to form either a _____ or an _____ type.
19. The names of the 3 legs of a transistor are: E)_____________ B)_______ C)_____________
20. A _____________ voltage (ground) must be applied to the base of a PNP transistor to turn it on.
21. A ______________ voltage (hot) must be applied to the base of an NPN transistor to turn it on.
Transistors operate with a forward bias voltage drop and current gain factor. (ask the teacher)
22. An _____________ _____________ (IC or chip) is a large # of diodes, transistors, resistors,
capacitors, mounted to a semiconductor material used to make logic decisions & commands.
23. A ________________ (ECM or module) is an electronic device that stores & processes data.
24. A ________________________ is a small version of a computer. (PCM or any ECU/CPU)
25. 1)_________ 2) ________________ 3) _____________ 4) ___________ are the four basic
functions or operations of a computer. (Sensors > PROM > RAM > Actuators)
26. The PCM (CPU) receives sensor input signals that it checks against ________________ values.
27. __________ are used as inputs for operations that only require a yes-no or an on-off condition.
28. __________ means that the data concerning the effects of the PCM’s output commands are
fed back to the computer as an input signal. A good example of this is the HO2S or Relay 87a signal.
29. All ___________ perform the same basic function. They _________ a mechanical condition,
(movement or position) a chemical state, or a temperature condition and change it (transducer)
into an electrical signal that can be used by the computer to make decisions.
30. All sensors fall under one of two operating categories:
______________ voltage sensors or variable resistance sensors (also known as passive sensors)
passive devices like thermistors (IAT & ECT), piezoresistive (MAP), potentiometers (TPS), & A/F
Voltage ________________ sensors (also known as active sensors)
active devices like magnetic pulse generators (VSS & CKP), Hall-effect switches (RPM),
Zirconium Dioxide (HO2S), piezoelectric (KS)
31. Voltage does not flow through a conductor, ____________ flows while voltage pushes it.
32. Voltage is used as a signal by changing its _________, _____________ ,or switching polarity.
33. ____________ voltage signals are infinitely variable. Like an ECT which varies within a given range.
34. _____________ voltage signals are in one of either 3 states: on-off, yes-no, or high-low.
This is like a Hall-effect or PNP switch square-waved pattern because of the abrupt changes in the signal
35. Since computers can only read digital ____________ signals, analog signals must go though an
analog/digital (A/D) converter in order to be used or properly “understood” by the computer.
36. A computer has a crystal oscillator or __________ that vibrates at a fixed rate and delivers a
constant time pulse. The clock maintains an orderly flow of timed information in the computer.
37. Communication rate, expressed in bits per second processed is called ________ _______.
38. Permanent information is stored in the ________ ________ ___________. (ROM)
39. ________ ____ ____________ are sets of instructions in the ROM for every possible
condition the computer may detect.
40. Temporary information (DTC’s) is stored in ___________ ________ ___________ . (RAM)
41. KAM = _________ __________ ___________ NVRAM = _______________________ RAM
42. PROM = ____________ ROM EPROM = _________ PROM EEPROM = __________ EPROM
43. _____________ (outputs) may be solenoids, switches, relays, or motors controlled by the PCM
and turned on & off by an output driver, which is a transistor on the ground side of an actuator.
44. _______ ________ measures a percentage of circuit on-time. __________ _________ it the
measurement of the exact amount of time something is turned on, expressed in milliseconds.
45. The PCM has ___ volt input, but the reference voltage for sensors is often dropped to ___ volts.
46. Control modules function in awake mode, but may enter a __________ mode to save power.
47. OBD-II offers a standardized ______ in a specific location and a standard list of ________.
48. “__ - _____ technology” eliminates the mechanical connection from inputs to the PCM and from
the PCM to outputs. Examples are drive-by-wire, shift-by-wire, brake-by-wire, etc.
49. ______________, also called “in-vehicle networking” provides efficient communications
between modules in various vehicle systems.
50. A multiplex wiring system uses a ________ ______ ______ that connects different computers
or control modules together. Sharing data saves money on redundant sensors & wiring.
51. Data is sent in digital binary code with each individual signal preceded by an _______________
code that establishes its priority. Each module processes only one input signal at a time.
52. _________________ rates on the network are between 10,000 and 1, 000,000 bits per second.
53. The serial data bus is typically 2 wires, a ground and a transmission wire in a __________ pair.
54. A ____________ is the name for the language that computers speak when they are conversing.
55. Class A is _____ speed CAN for convenience systems and use a generic UART. (U DTC’s)
UART = Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter USB = Universal Serial Bus
56. Class B is __________ speed CAN for instrument cluster & emissions data recording.
57. Class C is ________ speed CAN for real-time control of the powertrain and vehicle dynamics.
58. The total network in most vehicles is composed of 2 or 3 _____ _______. LS, MS, & HS CAN
59. The networks are integrated & translated through the use of a ____________ module. (BCM)
60. Each twisted wire in the CAN bus carries a different __________.
61. To eliminate voltage spikes and CAN system noise, two _____ ohm resistors are connected in
parallel across the ends of the main CAN bus wires. These are called “Terminating Resistors”.
62. Electrical & electronic vehicle systems must be properly handled & protected by the technician to
prevent causing more problems than the vehicle came into the shop with!
Avoid ________ starting if at all possible. Remove the jumper cables before operating electrical devices.
Do not connect or disconnect electrical components with the ignition ______ switched on.
Avoid touching bare metal contacts since ________ oils can cause corrosion & poor electrical contact.
Do not expose electronic circuits to ____________ electricity. This can generate more than 25,000 volts!
Do not short sensors with a __________ ________ unless told to do so in manufacturers service publications.
Never apply 12 __________ to electronic components & never use a 12-volt ____________ to test electronics.
Sensor wiring should never be ______________! Inductive voltages from other devices can send false signals.
Incorrect testing procedures can cause _________ circuits which will instantly destroy modules.
Remove any module that could be affected by ______________, hammering, grinding, or metal straightening.
Follow ________ tool sequences for connecting & disconnecting carefully…power down & exit carefully!
The _______________ system is critical to proper electronic engine control operation. 15 volts will kill a PCM.
DMM’s used to test electronic circuitry must be _______-___________________. 10,000,000 internal ohms!
When probing electrical connectors, use ________-probing to avoid damage done to insulation by wire piercing.
When _________-probing electrical connectors, do not to force so far into the female side to cause an open.
63. ___ types of DTCs are used by the CAN bus: loss of communication, signal error, & internal error.
64. If bus wire needs to be repaired, it must not be ____________ or ________________.
65. Reprogramming of modules with update information is called “_____________” the computer.
66. Resistors, diodes, and capacitors should al be checked using a ________-____________ DMM.
67. It is best to use a _____ ________ when checking frequency (hertz) of a signal. (cycles per second)