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Artists, Writers and Scientists of the Renaissance Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) • Italian painter, sculptor, inventor, engineer, scientist and mathematician. • The classic “Renaissance Man”. • Best known works include “Mona Lisa” and “Vitruvian Man”. Leonardo’s works Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564) • Italian painter, sculptor, architect, poet and engineer. • Most famous works include “David” and the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. Michelangelo’s “David” Sandro Botticelli (1445-1510) • Italian painter who lived in Florence. • His best known works include “The Birth of Venus” and “Primavera”. “The Birth of Venus”, 1486 Filippo Brunelleschi (1377-1446) • Italian architect and engineer. • Best known for designing the dome of the Florence cathedral. The Florence Cathedral Artemisia Gentileschi (1593-1652) • Italian painter born in Rome. • She was the first female painter to become a member of the Accademia di Arte del Disegno in Florence. • Famous works include “Judith Beheading Holofernes”. Some of her works Francesco Petrarca (1304-1374) • Italian scholar, poet, and early Renaissance humanist. • Modelled his work after Latin poets like Cicero, Virgil and Seneca. • His sonnets were admired throughout Europe. Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375) • Italian poet, author, and Renaissance humanist. • He was a friend and student of Petrarch. • His best known works include the “Decameron” and “On Famous Women”. Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527) • Italian political philosopher, humanist diplomat and writer who lived in Florence. • Wrote “The Prince”, a guide to rulers on how to maintain their power. Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616) • Spanish novelist, poet and playwright. • His masterpiece, Don Quixote, is considered to be the first modern novel, and a classic of Western literature. Jan van Eyck (1395-1441) • Flemish painter, considered one of the best Northern European painters of the 15th Century. • Best known for portraits and religious scenes. Some of his works Hieronymus Bosch (1450-1516) • Early Dutch Renaissance painter. • Used fantastic imagery to illustrate moral and religious concepts. • Best known work is “The Garden of Earthly Delights”. “The Garden of Earthly Delights” Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528) • German painter, printmaker and mathematician. • Known for his religious works, portraits and landscapes. • Used mathematical principles such as proportion and perspective. Dürer’s “Rhinoceros” Pieter Bruegel (1525-1569) • Flemish Renaissance painter and printmaker. • His work was influenced by Bosch. • Best known for his landscapes and peasant scenes. The Tower of Babel (1563) Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1669) • Dutch painter, printmaker and etcher. • Considered one of the greatest European artists of all time. • Best known for his portraits and biblical scenes. “Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp” Johannes Gutenberg (1398-1468) • German goldsmith, printer and publisher who invented modern book printing • His invention of mechanical movable type printing started the Printing Revolution, one of the most important events in the modern world. Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) • Polish astronomer, mathematician and physician. • The first person to come up with the theory that the earth was not the centre of the universe. • Believed that the sun was the centre of the universe. Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) • German mathematician, astronomer and scientist. • Best known for Kepler’s laws of planetary motion, which laid the foundation for Isaac Newton’s theory of universal gravitation. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) • Italian physicist, mathematician, physician and astronomer. • His invention of the telescope has led to him being called the “father of modern astronomy”. • Also discovered that falling objects accelerate at a uniform rate.Used his study of tides to prove that the earth moved. Galileo and the Inquisition • Galileo supported Copernicus’ ideas that the earth was not the centre of the universe. • He believed that the earth moved, which he tried to prove using his study of tides. • He published his “Dialogue Concerning Two World Systems” in 1632, defending Copernicus’ ideas against the idea that the earth was the centre of the universe. • After it was published, he was tried by the Roman inquisition, which found him guilty of heresy. • He was forced to deny his beliefs and spent the rest of his life under house arrest. Galileo Facing the Roman Inquisition