Download Grammar Chapter 3 Parts of Speech Overview

Grammar Chapter 3 Parts of Speech Overview
Verbs
Def: Words used to express action, condition, or state of being.
Action Verbs
Def: Tells what the subject does. The action can either be physical or
mental.
ex: King Kong stomps through the streets. (physical action)
ex: She thought about the problem. (mental action)
Linking Verbs
Def: Links the subject to a word in the predicate. The most common
linking verbs are the forms of be.
Forms of be: is, am, are, was, were, been, being
Verbs of Condition: appear, become, feel, grow, look, remain, seem,
smell, taste, sound
ex: King Kong is a huge gorilla.
Helping Verbs &
Def: Verbs that help main verbs express precise shades of meaning.
Verb Phrases
The combination of one or more helping verbs with a main verb is
called a verb phrase.
ex: can speak
were sent
has been named
Common Helping Verbs
Forms of be: be, is, am, are, was, were, been, being
Forms of do: do, does, did
Forms of have: have, has, had
Others: could, would, should, may, might, must, can, shall, will
Some verbs can be used as either main verbs or helping verbs.
Helping Verb: Do you like green beans?
Main Verb:
Did you do this math problem?
Helping Verb: Have they arrived yet?
Main Verb:
They will have another chance.
X Explain the difference between a helping verb and linking verb.
Grammar Chapter 3 Parts of Speech Overview pg2
Transitive Verbs
Def: An action verb that is directed toward a person, place, thing, or
idea.
ex: Derrick greeted the visitors.
Intransitive Verb
Def: A verb that expresses action (or tells something about the subject)
without action passing to a receiver, or object.
ex: Last night we ate on the patio.
A verb may be transitive in one sentence and intransitive in another.
Transitive: The children play checkers.
Intransitive: The children play quietly.
Transitive: Mr. Lopez is baking bread.
Intransitive: Mr. Lopez is baking this afternoon.
Adverbs
Def: A word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
Just as an adjective makes the meaning of a noun or pronoun more
definite, an adverb makes the meaning of a verb, an adjective, or
another adverb more definite.
Adverbs answer the following questions:
1. Where?
2. When?
away, here, inside, there, up
later, now, soon, then, tomorrow
3. How?
clearly, easily, quietly, slowly
4. How often? or How long?
always, usually, never, forever
5. To what extent? or How much?
Adverb or Adjective?
almost, so, too, more, very, not
Many adverbs end in –ly. These adverbs are generally formed by adding
-ly to adjectives.
Adjective + ly
=
Adverb
clear
quiet
=
=
clearly
quietly
+ ly
+ ly
However, some words ending in –ly are used as adjectives.
daily, friendly, lonely, early, kindly, timely
X Construct two sentences where the verb is transitive in one and intransitive in the other. Also,
construct two sentences where the adjective in one is changed to an adverb in the other. (Like the
“play” sentences above in your notes)
Grammar Chapter 3 Parts of Speech Overview pg3
Prepositions
Def: is a word that shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to
another word.
Notice how changing the prepositon in this sentence changes the
relationship of walked to door.
- The cat walked through the door.
- The cat walked toward the door.
-- The cat walked past the door.
***Don’t forget the Prepositions Song you learned at the beginning of
the school year.***
The Prepositional Phrase
Def: A prepositional phrase includes a preposition, a noun or pronoun
called the object of the prepositon, and any modifiers of that object.
The books in my new pack are heavy.
(The noun pack is the object of the preposition in. The words my
and new modify or describe pack.)
Preposition or Adverb?
Some words may be used as either prepositions or adverbs. Remember
that a preposition always has an object. An adverb never does.
Adverb: I haven’t seen him since.
Preposition: I haven’t seen him since Thursday.
Conjunctions
Def: a word that joins words or word groups
Coordinating Conjunctions Def: a single conjunction or pair of conjunctions that join words or word
groups that are used in the same way.
- and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet
Correlative Conjunctions
Interjections
 Ex: Both Bill Russell and Larry Bird played for the same team.
Def: pairs of conjunctions that join words or word groups
- Both…and, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also
Def: a word that expresses emotion
- aha, hey, hurray, my, oh, oops, ouch, rats, wow, yikes, yippee

Ex: Ouch! That hurts!
X Is the underlined word in this sentence an adverb or preposition? Explain your reasoning.
The poison ivy climbed around the trunk of the tree.
Grammar Chapter 3 Parts of Speech Overview pg4
Determining Parts of
Speech
Application
They way a word is used in a sentence determines what part of speech
the word is. The same word may be used as different parts of speech.
Can you decide what part of speech the bolded words are being used as?

NOUN:
The play had a happy ending.

VERB:
The actors play their roles well.

NOUN:
The outside of the house needs paint.


ADVERB:
Let’s go outside for a while.

NOUN:



ADVERB:
Did you do well on the quiz?
ADJECTIVE:
I don’t feel well today.
INTERJECTION: Well, that’s a relief.
PREPOSITION: I saw the bird’s nest outside.
The well has run dry.