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Evidence of Evolution Station Answer Sheet Name _____________________ Date _____________ Hour ___ Station Radioactive Dating Comparative Anatomy Analogous Structures Comparative Anatomy Homologous Structures Questions / Answers for Stations Station #1 1. In a normal bone, there is 96g of C . An archaeologist finds a bone and determines there is 14 only 12g of C in it. How old will she say it is? 14 2. A fossil tooth is dated to be 16,710 years old. It contains 13g of C and 91g of C . How much 14 12 C did it have originally? 14 3. You find a fossil clam. A laboratory determines its composition to be 6% C and 94% C . 14 12 How old is it? Station #2 1. Would analogous structures be used to indicate a common ancestor or a different ancestor? Explain. 2. Are analogous structures a result of convergent or divergent evolution? Explain . Stations #3 1. Are the functions of the bones the same for each of the organisms? 2. Are the bones arranged in a similar way in each animal? Explain . 3. What can homologous structures tell us about the relationships between species? Comparative Anatomy Vestigial Structures Stations #4 1. What is a vestigial structure? 2. What are some other examples of vestigial structures in humans or other species? 3. Why are vestigial structures strong evidence for evolutionary relationships? Comparative Station #5 Embryology 1. What does comparative embryology tell us about relationships between organisms? Comparative Station #6 Biochemistry 1. Number of amino acid differences between human and Molecular • Rhesus monkey= Evidence • Kangaroo= • Snapping turtle= 2. Based on this molecular evidence, which organism (of the ones listed) is most closely related to humans? 3. Chickens and turkeys are both birds and have the same sequence of amino acids in their cytochromec protein. Explain how two species can have identical cytocromec and still be different species. 4. What can the differences and similarities in the amino acids tell us about the relationship between organisms? Video Review Extra Credit Station Use a seperate sheet of paper to write your video review based on the information at the extra credit station. Write a review of the video you watched. Your review must include: 1. Name of Video 2. Discuss one thing you learned (or found interesting)from watching this video. 3. Write five study questions that someone watching this video could answer. These should be challenging questions, but resonable (and helpful). 4. Include the answers to all of your study questions. 5. Rate the video you watched (1 star = awful ; 5 star = awesome) Radioactive Dating #1 Watch the video first. Link is on my website. http://www.sciencechannel.com/tvshows/greatestdiscoveries/videos/100greatestdiscoveriesradio metricdating Need or want more information? See pages 540541 in your textbook. One way (there are others) to date fossils is called radioactive dating. This is often done with isotopes of carbon and called carbon dating. Carbon usually exists as C 12, but there are some atoms of C with extra neutrons called C . These carbon atoms are radioactive. 14 In other words they emit these extra particles. This is known as decay. The rate that they decay is known as the halflife. It is the time it takes half the radioactive atoms to decay. (The halflife of C 14→ C 12 is 5,570 years.) For example, an animal dies today; all of the C 14 in the animal’s bones is still present. 100% is still present. Let’s say that the animal has 12g of C . After 5,570 years, we 14 would find that C has reduced by 50% and would have 6g of C 14 14. The other 50% or 6g of C has turned into C . 14 12 In 11,140 years (2 halflifes) only 25% of the original C 14 or 3g will remain. Obviously, in really old specimen there are very small amounts of C remaining, making accurate 14 measurement more difficult. Other isotopes have longer halflife’s and are used. Example: # of ½lifes Originally C Converted C Age (years) 14 12 0 12g 0g 0 (current) 1 6g 6g 5,570 2 3g 9g 11, 140 3 1.5g 10.5g 16, 710 Answer the following questions in your Evidence of Evolution Station Answer Sheet. 1. In a normal bone, there is 96g of C 14. An archaeologist finds a bone and determines there is only 12g of C in it. How old will she say it is? 14 2. A fossil tooth is dated to be 16,710 years old. It contains 13g of C and 91g of C . 14 12 How much C did it have originally? 14 3. You find a fossil clam. A laboratory determines its composition to be 6% C 14 and 94% C . How old is it? 12 Comparative Anatomy – Station #2 Analogous Structures Examine the picture provided at the station. Analogous Structures are those characteristics that are similar in function, but different in structure. Read paragraph 1 on page 469 of your textbook. We have been studying divergent evolution. Read about convergent evolution on page 551 of your textbook. Answer the following questions in your Evidence of Evolution Station Answer Sheet. 1. Would analogous structures be used to indicate a common ancestor or a different ancestor? Explain. 2. Are analogous structures a result of convergent or divergent evolution? Explain. Comparative Anatomy Station # 3 Homologous Structures Examine the pictures provided at the station. Homologous Structures are structures that are similar in different species. Examine the bones in the picture. Notice the similar position of like bones. Read pages 468 in your Biology textbook. Answer the following questions in your Evidence of Evolution Station Answer Sheet. 1. Are the functions of the bones the same for each of the organisms? 2. Are the bones arranged in a similar way in each animal? Explain. 3. What can homologous structures tell us about the relationships between species? Comparative Anatomy Station #4 Vestigial Structures Examine the articles and pictures provided at the station. Read about “Vestigial Structures” in the second paragraph on page 469 in your Biology textbook if needed. Answer the following questions in your Evidence of Evolution Station Answer Sheet. 1. What is a vestigial structure? 2. What are some other examples of vestigial structures in humans or other species? 3. Why are vestigial structures strong evidence for evolutionary relationships? Comparative Anatomy – Station #5 Comparative Embryology Examine the articles and pictures provided at the station. Read the third and fourth paragraphs titled “Embryology” on page 469 of your Biology textbook if needed. Embryonic development can give indications of how related some organisms are to one another. Differences in genetic make up do not become apparent until later in development. Answer the following questions in your Evidence of Evolution Station Answer Sheet. 1. What does comparative embryology tell us about relationships between organisms? Comparative BioChemistry Station #6 Molecular Evidence – Cytocrome C Follow the directions found at this station. If you need additional background information, read pages 470471 in your Biology textbook. Compare the human amino acid sequence with each of these three animals by counting the number of times an amino acid in that animal’s cytochrome c is different from the amino acid in that same position of the human sequence. For example, the number of differences between human and dog=10. Answer the following questions in your Evidence of Evolution Station Answer Sheet. 1. Number of amino acid differences between human and • Rhesus monkey= • Kangaroo= • Snapping turtle= 2. Based on this molecular evidence, which organism (of the ones listed) is most closely related to humans? 3. Chickens and turkeys are both birds and have the same sequence of amino acids in their cytochromec protein. Explain how two species can have identical cytocromec and still be different species. 4. What can the differences and similarities in the amino acids tell us about the relationship between organisms? Video Review Extra Credit Station You may only complete this station if ALL other stations are complete. Go to You Tube and find the Crash Course Biology channel. Choose one of the following videos to view: Natural Selection Crash Course Biology #14 Speciation: Of Ligers & Men Crash Course Biology #15 Animal Development: We're Just Tubes Crash Course Biology #16 Evolutionary Development: Chicken Teeth Crash Course Biology #17 Population Genetics: When Darwin Met Mendel Crash Course Biology #18 Taxonomy: Life's Filing System Crash Course Biology #19 Evolution: It's a Thing Crash Course Biology #20 Comparative Anatomy: What Makes Us Animals Crash Course Biology #21 Write a review of the video you watched. Your review must include: 1. Name of Video 2. Discuss one thing you learned (or found interesting)from watching this video. 3. Write five study questions that someone watching this video could answer. These should be challenging questions, but resonable (and helpful). 4. Include the answers to all of your study questions. 5. Rate the video you watched (1 star = awful ; 5 star = awesome)
