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Chapter 1: Times of Change
UNIT 1: RENAISSANCE EUROPE
Inquiry Question

In what ways can
changing social
structures affect a
society’s worldview?
Vocabulary
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Feudalism
Hierarchy
Allegiance
Manors
Freeman
Serfs
Monastery
Journeyman
Sumptuary Laws
BLACK DEATH
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AKA Bubonic Plague.
End of Middle Ages
(1347).
Merchant ships arriving
from Black Sea.
Dead and dying sailors.
Reappeared minimum
six more times (1410).
1/3 to 1/2 (25 Million)
dead.
HOW DID IT SPREAD?

One theory:

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Tartars attacked the
trading post of Caffa.
People were walled in and
starved.
Tartars started dying and
catapulted dead bodies.
Fled on ships.
Fleas bite animals and
humans
TYPES OF BLACK DEATH

Three forms

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Septicemic Plague
Bubonic Plague
Pneumonic Plague
Most common was
Bubonic Plague
Up to 75% infected died.
Black Death
Dead
Living
THE PATH OF DEATH
EFFECT ON EUROPE

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Worst effect – 1347 to
1351
25 million dead
SYMPTOMS
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Enlarged lymph nodes.

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Arm pits, neck, groin
area.
High fever.
Nausea.
Vomiting.
Aching joints.
4 days most.
EXPLANATIONS

Did not realize disease had to do with cleanliness





Some were convinced that the plague resulted from the
movements of the planets Saturn, Jupiter and Mars.
Other people thought that the plague was a punishment
sent by God.
Others believed that it was caused by the devil or magic.
Others believed that burning incense would purify the air
and keep the plague away.
Still others blamed cultural or ethnic groups of people
different from their own group.

Still exists
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Hunters in BC and
Alberta (Isolated).
Cats and dogs found to
have it.
W.H.O reports up to
3000 each year.
Antibiotics.

What if half the people
in Canada suddenly
died of a terrible
disease, how do you
think this would affect
society?
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Question beliefs,
behavior, or values.
Looking for answers.
Become cautious.
Greater value on science.
Spend time with loved
ones.
Huge problems in
economy and society.
A CHANGING SOCIETY

Feudalism

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A hierarchy.
People ranked by
importance.
Born into and stayed
there.
Based on land, loyalty,
duty.
Allegiance to king.
MEDIEVAL COUNTRY LIFE

Most people lived in
rural villages.

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
Manor
Peasants assigned land
to harvest.
Peasants worked
cooperatively
MEDIEVAL COUNTRY LIFE (CON’T)

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Peasants paid a portion
to “Lord of the Manor”
Had to build roads, clear
forests.
Worked hard
MEDIEVAL COUNTRY LIFE (CON’T)
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
Two types of peasants:
Freemen
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Rented land from lord
Worked for pay
Serf

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Most of the peasants
Not allowed to leave
without permission
Travel to nearest town
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Medieval towns were
farm communities.
Close to castle, palace,
or monastery.
Stone walls to protect
themselves.
Towns had shops.
TOWN LIFE (CON’T)
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Dirty
Crowded
Rat-infested
TOWN LIFE (CON’T)
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Provided freedom and
new opportunities.
Freedom to do whatever
they wanted.
Married whom they
pleased.
Made money.
TOWN LIFE (CON’T)

By law:

Runaway serfs could
gain freedom by staying
in a town for one year
and a day.
TOWN LIFE (CON’T)

Peasants opened
workshops, learned
trades, and worked as
servants and labourers.
TOWN LIFE (CON’T)


Goods and trade
organized by
organizations called
“guilds”
Controlled prices,
standards of quality,
and decided who could
apprentice.
WOMEN IN MEDIEVAL SOCIETY
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What was the role of
women in medieval
society?
RURAL WOMEN
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Had many children
Worked in fields
Made clothes
Cooked meals
Preserved food
TOWN WOMEN
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Worked in trades
Sold goods
Able to inherit property and
guild membership
Could work in textiles and
brewing
WOMEN (CON’T)

Wealthy women had
many opportunities.

School (away or home)
WOMEN (CON’T)
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Negatives:


Made few choices
Marriages were
arranged, often at birth
CHALLENGES TO THE FEUDAL SYSTEM

Hundred Years’ War


In 1337, France and
England went to war
Lasted more than a
century (Hundred Years’
War)
HUNDRED YEARS WAR
HUNDRED YEARS WAR


Devastated the country
sides of France and
England.
Peasants revolted due to
high rents and taxes to
finance the war.
THE PEASANTS’ REVOLT


French peasants were
called “Jacques
Bonhomme”
Revolts ended brutally
by authorities.

Still unrest remained.
THE BLACK DEATH
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Nobles who still had
land rented or sold it to
serfs.
Serfs were released
from obligation to lords
Feudal System came
undone.
RING AROUND THE ROSES

Nursery rhyme
associated with the
Black Death:

Ring around the roses
A pocketful of posies
Atchoo, Atchoo, we all fall
down
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“Roses” refer to the boils
that developed
“Posies” are flowers
believed to avoid the
Plague
Sneezing was sign of
Plague
“We all fall down” refers
to people dying
OPTIONS FOR PEASANTS


Stay where they know
(security).
Move to towns to start
new life (adventure,
opportunity).
CHANGE IN ECONOMY
Before black death
After black death
200 serfs lived and worked on manors.
Wages were low.
60 serfs died of plague or left for higher
wages. Peasants demanded higher
wages.
To hire 80 workers for 300 days/year at 1
penny/day.
80 x 300 x 1 = 24 000 pennies
Total expenses for year: 24 000 pennies.
To hire 80 workers for 300 days/year at
3 pennies/day.
80 x 300 x 3 = 72 000 pennies
Total expenses for year: 72 000 pennies.
TIME AND MONEY
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Money was needed in
the towns to buy things.
As a result, people
thought of time
differently.
TIME AND MONEY
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Activities ruled by rising
and setting of sun and
changing of seasons.
Only people who
needed exact time was
Church – to pray.
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People used:
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Sun dials
Water clocks
Hourglasses
Mechanical clocks
invented because of
towns.
WEALTH IN SOCIETY
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Town and city (urban)
people had opportunity
to move up socially.
New social structure
developed.
Middle class introduced.


Based on money.
Loved material
possessions.

This love for material
possessions resulted in
expansion of trade.
Men’s wear
WHO’S WHO
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Because peasants had money, the sumptuary
law was introduced:
 Controlled
consumption or how people spent their
money.
 Restricted what people could wear in different
classes.
A NEW SOCIAL STRUCTURE
Top Level: Aristocracy
Middle Level: Middle Class
Bottom Level: Lower Class
High Church officials
Merchants and businesses
Peasants
Rulers or lords
Craftspeople
Rural laborers
Old noble families
Shopkeepers
Urban laborers
Wealthy merchants
Bankers
Servants
Priests
The unemployed
THE CHURCH
Pope
Archbishops
Bishops
Priests
Parishioners
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Hierarchy
Show obedience to
group above
What similarities can you
see between the feudal
system and the Church?
EMPHASES ON…
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Between the year 900
and 1000, 1500
churches built in France
Took hundreds to build
a church
In medieval towns, the
tallest buildings were
cathedrals.
EDMONTON’S TALLEST
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EPCOR Tower
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Why so “small?”
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Floors: 28 (Manulife – 42)
Height: 150 m (490 ft)
Constructed: 2011
Municipal Airport
Building height must be
below 150m.
What does EPCOR Tower
tell us about our societal
values?
WHERE ARE YOU EPCOR?
EPCOR
Tower(Edmonton)
THE RENAISSANCE
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After the Black Death
Means “rebirth of
classical knowledge and
learning.”
Started in Italy.
CHEAT SHEET
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Guilds
Worldview of medieval
Europe compared to modern
Canada
Sumptuary laws
Role of women
Tall structures
Peasant Revolt
Black Death
Town Life
New Social Structure (p.27)