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ROMAN BEGINNINGS Goal: To analyze the Roman Republic’s government Essential questions: What is a republic? How is the legacy of Roman government evident in American government? Bellringer: Reading check quiz! READING QUIZ Take out a sheet of paper. Answer the following questions: 1. According to the myth, Rome was founded by: a) A wolf b) A twin c) A God d) None of the above 2. Rome was located next to a _________________. a) Mountain range b) River c) Ocean d) Stream http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kRwJJwxGZE 5TH GRADE REVIEW What are the branches of the US government? 5TH GRADE REVIEW WHY IS THE US CAPITOL, THE SYMBOL OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT, BUILT IN THE ROMAN STYLE? Outside Inside WHAT DID WE GET FROM THE ROMANS? The US government is modeled on the Roman Republic. What are the similarities between the Roman Republic and the current United States government? ROMAN REPUBLIC • The Roman government was a republic, or indirect democracy. • A Republic is a type of government in which people vote on representatives who make laws for them. THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT The Roman republic had three branches of government. Executive Roman Republic Legislative Judicial EXECUTIVE BRANCH Two elected consuls led government and commanded the army. Executive Roman Republic Legislative Judicial 2 Consuls LEGISLATIVE BRANCH The laws were made by two houses of representatives: the Senate and the Assembly. Senate Executive Roman Republic Assembly Legislative Judicial We make the laws for Rome. JUDICIAL BRANCH Eight judges oversaw the courts and governed. Executive Roman Republic Legislative Judicial Eight judges US REPUBLIC The US is modeled after the Roman Republic. The US is also a republic, with three branches of government. REPUBLIC OR NOT? Can you tell the difference between a republic and a country without a republic? IRELAND • Executive power is vested in a cabinet. • The Taoiseach (prime minister) serves as head of government. • Ireland has a bicameral legislature known as the Oireachtas. • Judicial authority in Ireland is vested in a supreme court, a high court, a court of criminal appeal, a central criminal court, circuit courts, and district courts. NAZI GERMANY • Nazi Germany under the leadership of Hitler soon became a dictatorship. • A dictatorship requires one person and one party to be in control of a nation and a climate of fear. • In the July 1932 elections, they captured 230 out of 608 seats in the “Reichstag,” or German parliament. • Under Nazi rule, all other political parties were banned. SAUDI ARABIA • Saudi Arabia is headed by the King. • The King appoints a Crown Prince to help him with his duties. • The King governs with the help of the Council of Ministers, also called the Cabinet. • The King is also advised by a legislative body called the Consultative Council (Majlis AlShura). It consists of 150 members who are appointed by the King for four-year terms that can be renewed. ITALY • The president of Italy is elected to a seven-year term by both of the houses of Parliament. • The Chamber of Deputies and Senate are the Parliament (legislative branch). • The Constitutional Court is composed of 15 judges ARGENTINA • The President and the Vice President are chosen by national elections. • The National Congress (Spanish: Congreso Nacional) is the legislative branch of government. • The Congress consists of the Senate (72 seats) and the Chamber of Deputies (257 seats) • The Judiciary Branch is composed of federal judges and others. CHINA • The Chinese Government is controlled by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). • The branches of government are the National People's Congress (NPC), the President (the head of state), and the State Council. • All branches of government are responsible for implementing and enforcing CCP policy. INDIA • The Constitution provides for a Parliamentary form of government • Head Executive branch is the President. • Parliament consists of two Houses known as the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and the House of the People (Lok Sabha). THAILAND • The King serves the People of Thailand as the head of state. • The executive branch headed up by the Prime Minister. • Prime Minister selected by the House of Representatives, but must be approved by the King • The legislative branch of government (National Assembly) consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate. All laws must be approved by the King. REPUBLIC OR NOT? Countries or Civilizations with Republics • • • • Italy Ireland Argentina India Countries or Civilizations without Republics • Nazi Germany (autocracy) • Saudi Arabia (monarchy) • China (Communist state) • Thailand (constitutional monarchy) CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING • What type of government did the Romans develop? • Who makes laws in a republic? • How many branches of government did the Roman Republic have? • What did the consuls do? • What did the Senate and the Assembly do? • What did the judges do? DISCUSSION QUESTIONS • What are the similarities between the Roman Republic and the American government? • Athens created the first direct democracy, in which each citizen worked together to make laws. Rome created the first Republic. What makes a republic different from a direct democracy? • Which do you think is a better form of government: Roman Republic or Greek direct democracy? PRIMARY SOURCE TIME! • We will be reading an account of the Roman government • The author was a Greek who was captured by the Romans. He was trying to convince other Ancient Greeks that the Romans had a good form of government. • Remember SOAPSTone!