Download 8.1 Touring the Night Sky Pg. 308 #1

8.1 Touring the Night Sky
Pg. 308 #1-9
1. Astronomers study what is beyond Earth like stars, planets, and moons, solar systems,
even other galaxy’s.
2. Being “luminous” means to have, produce or give off light. For example, the nuclear
fusion on the light gives off light that shines on the earth.
3. The Moon reflects light from the sun which makes it seam like the Moon is giving off
light during the night.
4. Terrestrial planets are the 4 planets closest to the Sun. They have rocky surfaces
similar to Earth’s. The next four planets are known as gas giants. They are called that
because they are mostly made up of gases and liquids.
5. The difference between stars and planets are; stars are massive collections of gases
that are big enough to have their own gravitational field. They also give off large
amounts of energy through nuclear fusion. Planets are large round celestial objects
that travel around stars. They are mostly made up of rock and do not give off light.
We are able to see planets like Jupiter and Mars the same way we see the moon. Light
reflects off of the sun (a star) so we can see them. Similarities between the two are
that planets like Jupiter and Saturn are often called gas giants because they are mostly
made of gas, like stars. The only thing keeping them from actually being stars is their
mass. If Jupiter was 80x bigger, then it could be classified as a star. Another similarity
between the two is that stars actually orbit other stars, like planets orbit a star.
6. A satellite is a celestial object that travels around a planet or dwarf planet. For
example, a moon is a type of satellite because it orbits a planet.
7. Orbit in my own words means to travel around an object at a certain speed and
distance away from it. For example, the Earth, Mars, and Jupiter all orbit around the
Sun and it takes 365 days for the earth to completely orbit the sun.
8. Astronomers call this collection of stars, the Milky Way Galaxy.
9. Universe, galaxy, star, planet, moon.
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8.2 The Sun
Pg. 312 #1-5
1. Electromagnetic Radiation are kinds of radiation given off by the sun. Ultraviolet
radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation. These rays can be harmful if you are
exposed to them for to long. They can cause skin cancer and other damage to the
body. Infrared Radiation is also a type of radiation produced by the sun. These rays
are the rays that produce the heat that the sun emit. They are invisible to the human
eye but you can feel them (heat).
2. The Sun is so important for life on Earth because the Sun is the heart of every
ecosystem. Plants get their food from the Sun the herbivores get their food from the
plants, then carnivores get their food from herbivores and we get our food from all
three of them. So, if there was no Sun then environments and food chains would die
out.
3.
Core: Where nuclear fusion happens to create massive amounts of energy.
Radiation layer: The energy that is released from the core.
Convection zone: This is where hotter substances rise and colder substances fall.
Energy continues to move up into the photosphere where light escapes.
Photosphere: Has a temperature of 5500 degrees Celsius. Above it is the Suns
atmosphere.
Chromosphere: The inner atmosphere of the Sun. 60 000 degrees hotter than the
Photosphere.
Corona: Thin outer layer of the Suns atmosphere. Gleams white. Extends for
thousands of kilometers.
4. The surface temperature of the Sun can range from 5500- 2 million degrees Celsius.
The core of the Sun can be as hot as 15 million degrees Celsius.
5. It takes approximately 25 days for the sun to rotate on its axis. Astronomers know this
because that is approximately how long it takes a sunspot to rotate on the axis and
how fast the gases are going on the surface.
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8.3 Solar System & Planets
Pg. 313-317 #1,2,4-9
1.
2. .
Names of
Planets
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
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Large or small
Rock and metal or gas
Inner or
outer solar
system
Mercury
Small
Rock and metal
Inner
Venus
Small
Rock and metal
Inner
Earth
Small
Rock and metal
Inner
Mars
Small
Rock and metal
Inner
Jupiter
Large
Gas
Outer
Saturn
Large
Gas
Outer
Uranus
Large
Gas
Outer
Neptune
Large
Gas
Outer
Pluto is now considered a dwarf planet and not a regular planet because the
definition of planet changed after if was discovered as the ninth planet.
A) “I saw a really bright meteor flash across the sky”
B) “The meteorite made a huge hole in the ground when it crashed into Earth”
C) “Meteoroids sometimes hit spacecraft’s when they are travelling through deep
space”
There are two massive craters, one in Quebec and one in Ontario, that prove the
meteorites have crashed into Earth.
I believe meteor showers look like a bunch of falling stars. I imagine a bunch of
white streaks flying across the sky. Meteor showers occur when clouds of left over
particles left by comets enter the atmosphere.
A) We will be able to see Halley’s comet again in 2061.
B) Comet Hale-Bopp will be return in the year 4377.
The comets appear to have tails because they pick up radiation and solar wind
from the Sun.
8.5 Motions of Earth, Moon, & Planets
pg.329-333 #1-4,6,7
1. 1. They built their structures around the it.
2. Constellations were legends that ancient aboriginals believed in.
3. The Stars were a sign of location that helped them travel.
2. Yes, the shapes change. The shape of the constellation Big Dipper might deform or
might get smaller over time.
3. The celestial equator is where Earths equator will be. The celestial poles are where
the north and south poles are just way farther out. Where the Earths axis extends. The
celestial sphere would be the Earth but probably 10x bigger and imaginary.
4. The star in figure 9 is called North star or Polaris.
6. They built building that reflected that and equinox was happening and they believed
that the events had spiritual meaning.
7. One ancient structure is El Castillo a giant pyramid. At sunset on the spring and fall
equinoxes, a shadow is cast of a giant snake on the side. Another is the Stonehenge. It
is believed that is was built as an astronomical calendar.
El Castillo
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Stonehedge
Observing Celestial Objects from Earth
Pg.338-340 #1-5 (A-C)
A) I believe that Mars is at its dimmest when it retrogrades because the Earth passes if
blocking it while it begins to retrograde.
B) We only see planets that are farther from the Sun than Earth retrograde because the
planets closer to the Sun move faster than the Earth because they have less of a
distance to travel.
C) Mars seems to be moving backwards.
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8.11 Satellites “Research This”
Pg.346-351 #1 A-C, Pg.351 1-3
1. Hubble space telescope
A) To help scientists make better observations of planets and get more detailed views of
space and planets.
B) I believe it is valuable because without it, it would take longer for scientists to
discover things about certain planets and it is easier than sending a drone out to every
planet when they need to know something about that planet.
C) The Hubble space telescope is in low Earth orbit.
Picture of the Hubble space telescope.
Pg. 351 1-3
1. A natural satellite is a moon or asteroid and an artificial satellite is a machine set
up by scientist to examine space.
2. 1. Some satellites are meant to help transfer information and data
2. Some like to Hubble space telescope help scientists get a better look at planets
and stars.
3. Some are meant to look at the Earth and help map the Earth and see land
transformation.
3. A) The first satellite launched into space was the Sputnik 1 in 1957 by the USSR
(Russia)
B) The Alouette 1 was Canada’s first satellite launched into space in 1962. Its
purpose was to take pictures of the ionosphere,
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8.12 Security Satellites
Pg. 352 Decision question
In my opinion, I believe that Canada should build another satellite to monitor the
Arctic 24/7. With Russia and other countries already claiming it as “theirs”, I think
that if we don’t monitor the North pole then Russia for say, could use it as an attack
point during a war. If a war were to break out, we would have Russia west of us and
on top of us. We would be attacked from all most angles and have no where to make a
move. Another reason to put up another satellite to watch is global warming. If let’s
say Russia again expands north and starts building, it could harm the arctic even more
causing more ice to melt and more animals to lose their homes. The implementation
of another satellite could help us stop what could destroy the arctic. If another satellite
were put up, Canada could also monitor what is being transported by ship. If drugs
were illegally being transported, Canada would know and would be able to put a stop
to it. If weapons or secret files were being transported by ship, Canada would be able
to monitor the ship to make sure that it makes it to its destination safe and unharmed.
This satellite would benefit Canada massively as it would be able it monitor some of
the worlds most endangered land.
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Resources
Pg. 1
http://oureverydaylife.com/differences-similarities-between-planets-stars-kids-10245.html
Pg. 3
http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/sunanduvexposure/skincancerpreventionandearly
detection/skin-cancer-prevention-and-early-detection-what-is-u-v-radiation
http://www.livescience.com/50260-infrared-radiation.html
http://sc663he-go.weebly.com/the-sun.html
Pg. 4
http://spaceplace.nasa.gov/ice-dwarf/en/
Pg. 5
http://old.world-mysteries.com/chichen_kukulcan.htm
http://visitbath.co.uk/things-to-do/stonehenge-p133703
Pg. 6
http://mars.nasa.gov/allaboutmars/nightsky/retrograde/
Pg. 7
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/story/index.html
https://www.englishclub.com/this-week-inhistory/Archive/First_Satellite_Launched_Into_Space/
http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/satellites/alouette.asp
Exploring Space and Space Systems ISU
Eugenio DiGregorio
Ms. Mikolajczyk
SNC1D2-01
January 16th, 2017