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Transcript
Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________ Ecosystems ■ Reading/Notetaking Guide Interactions Among Living Things (pp. 410–416) This section explains how organisms become adapted to their environments. The section also describes three major types of interactions among organisms. Use Target Reading Skills Copy the compare/contrast table below into your notebook. As you read about competition, predation, and symbiosis on pages 412–416 of your textbook, complete your compare/contrast table. Interactions Among Living Things Type of Interaction Competition Description of Interaction Effect of Interaction In competition, organisms struggle to survive as they attempt to use the environment’s limited resources, such as food, water, or shelter. Competition limits the populations of the organisms involved because the resources for which they compete are limiting factors. Predation Symbiosis • Mutualism • Commensalism • Parasitisim © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 206 Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________ Ecosystems ■ Reading/Notetaking Guide Adapting to the Environment (p. 411) Match the term with its definition. Term ____ 1. natural selection ____ 2. adaptation ____ 3. niche 4. Definition a. Characteristic that allows a species to live successfully in its environment b. The way a species makes its living c. Process in which a species becomes better suited to its environment Is the following sentence true or false? Every organism has a variety of adaptations that enable it to live in any kind of environment. ____________________ Competition (p. 412) 5. The three major types of interactions among organisms are competition, ____________________, and symbiosis. 6. Is the following sentence true or false? The struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources is called natural selection. ____________________ 7. Is the following sentence true or false? In a particular environment, two species can usually occupy the same niche. ____________________ 8. Is the following sentence true or false? Specializing can reduce competition. ____________________ © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 207 Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________ Ecosystems ■ Reading/Notetaking Guide Interactions Among Living Things (continued) Predation (pp. 413–414) 9. An interaction in which one organism kills and eats another is called ______________________________. The organism that does the killing is the ______________________________. The organism that is killed is the ______________________________. 10. Is the following sentence true or false? If a prey population decreases, the population of its predator probably will decrease as well. ______________________________ 11. Predators have ______________________________ that help them catch and kill their prey. 12. Camouflage, warning coloration, and false coloring are some adaptations that may help organisms avoid becoming ______________________________. © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 208 Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________ Ecosystems ■ Reading/Notetaking Guide Symbiosis (pp. 415–416) 13. Symbiosis is a close relationship between two ____________________ that benefits at least one of the ____________________. 14. Complete the compare/contrast table. Types of Symbiotic Relationships Type of Relationship How Species Are Affected Mutualism a. b. One species benefits; the other species is unharmed. c. One species benefits; the other species is harmed. 15. In some cases of ____________________, two species have such a close symbiotic relationship that neither one could live without the other. 16. In a parasitic relationship, the organism that benefits is called a(n) ______________________________, and the organism it lives on or in is called a(n) ______________________________. © Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 209