Download Chapter 4 - Cell Energy Study Guide Energy from the sun is trapped

Chapter 4 - Cell Energy Study Guide
1. Energy from the sun is trapped by chlorophyll located in what part of the mitochondria
2. Energy is released from ATP when the bond is broken down between
3. Kidneys use energy to move molecules and ions in order to keep the blood chemically balanced. This
process is an example of cells using energy to maintain ____________________________.
4. List the equation for photosynthesis.
5. Aerobic respiration uses one molecule of glucose to produce ____________ molecules of ATP.
6. The starting molecule for glycolysis is _______________.
7. Milk is converted to yogurt under certain conditions when the microorganisms in the milk produce acid.
Which of these processes would you expect to be key in the product of yogurt?
a. The Krebs cycle
b. Photosynthesis
c. Alcoholic fermentation
d. Lactic acid fermentation
8. Photosynthesis is to chloroplast as cellular respiration is to _________________________________.
9. Unlike photosynthesis, cellular respiration occurs in ______________________________________.
10. What are the three parts of an ATP molecule?
11. A granum is a stack of _________________________________.
12. The stroma is the space that surrounds _____________________.
13. Where do light-dependent reactions take place?
14. The Calvin cycle is another name for __________________________.
15. The Calvin cycle takes place in the ________________________________.
16. Lactic acid fermentation occurs in ___________________________.
17. The two main types of fermentation are called _____________________________.
18. Which process is used to produce beer and wine?
19. Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process because it requires ________________________.
20. Breathing heavily after running a race is your body’s way of ____________________________.
21. All of the following are sources of energy during exercise EXCEPT
a. Stored ATP
b. Alcoholic fermentation
c. Lactic acid fermentation
d. Cellular respiration
22. Most plants appear green because chlorophyll
a. Reflects green light
b. Reflects violet light
c. Absorbs green light
d. None of the above
23. The last step in cellular respiration, in which electrons are passed along a series of molecules, releasing
energy as they go, is known as the _______________________________.
24. The process by which autotrophs use energy from sunlight to build carbohydrates is called
__________________________.
25. Without oxygen, a cell can extract a net gain of only ________________ molecules of ATP from each
glucose molecule.
26. Photosynthesis occurs only in plants, algae, and some bacteria. In contrast, ____________________
occurs in all eukaryotic cells.
27. In an experiment to determine whether green plants take in CO2, a biologist filled a large beaker with
aquarium water to which she added bromothymol blue. She exhaled CO2 into the solution of
bromothymol blue to turn it yellow. Then she placed a sprig of Elodea into two test tubes. She left the
third test tube without Elodea to serve as a control. She added the yellow bromothymol solution to all
three test tubes and placed a stopper in each. Next, she placed all the test tubes in sunlight. After several
hours in sunlight, the bromothymol solution in the test tubes with the Elodea turned blue. The
bromothymol solution in the control remained yellow. What conclusion can be drawn from the
observations?
28. A student exposed two plants to only red light and two plants to only green light. Which plants should
grow better? Why? [Think!!]
29. List the three main stages of cellular respiration in order. Where does each stage take place in the cell?
30. Compare the storage capacity of ATP and glucose. Which molecules stores more energy?
31. A student prepared two beakers with identical sprigs of a water plant as shown below. She placed one
beaker in the shade and the other beaker beside a fluorescent lamp. She then systematically changed the
distance of the beaker from the lamp. She counted the bubbles given off by each sprig of the water plant.
Shown here is the graph of the data for the beaker she placed in the light.
Figure 8-4
32.
33. Which beaker is the student’s control?
34. Look at Figure 8-4. If the student later tested the air bubbles collected in the test tube, what would she
find they are made of? How do you know?
35. Look at the graph in Figure 8-4. At what distance from the light source was the greatest number of
bubbles produced?
36. Look at the graph in Figure 8-4. What do the student’s data show (conclusion sentence)?
37. If the lamp were placed closer than 5 centimeters from the water plant, would the plant give off many
more bubbles? Why or why not?