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Ancient Egypt Chapter 4 I. The Nile Egyptians settled near the delta of the Nile Borrowed many ideas from other peoples What natural boundaries protect Egypt? II. The Old Kingdom 2600BC-2100BC 2 kingdoms exist – Upper and Lower Egypt King Narmer unites the two kingdoms – Red and white crown worn to symbolize union Pharaoh is all powerful - Pyramids Most people were farmers who relied on Nile to survive Women seemed to have some equality Hieroglyphic writing was begun Evolution of the Pyramid Religious Beliefs: The Burial Pyramids Tombs for pharaohs Tour the pyramid of Menkaure Religious Beliefs: Preserving the body Mummification occurred naturally in Egypt. Why How do we protect from wild animals? Mummification quiz Do you know enough to become a Mummymaker First Intermediate Period 2100BC-2000BC Old Kingdom Ends – Problems Drought Shortage of food and starvation Who succeeds 100yr old Pepi II? Pepi was inefficient in his later years –People lost faith in government Raided temples Destroyed statues of king The Middle Kingdom 2000BC-1786BC Mentuhotep reunites Egypt (11th dynasty begins) Pharaohs no longer god-kings but shepherds of the people. – Irrigation projects repaired – Economy improves Public Works Projects Hebrews move to Egypt Writing returns King Tut’s Tomb Valley of the KingsPharaohs were buried here during the Middle and New Kingdoms Who was King Tut? Interesting facts He was known as Tutankhamen He became King at 8 and died at 18 He reigned during the New Kingdom His death is a mystery! Why is he remembered more than any other Pharaoh? King Tut’s Tomb Strange Occurences: A Curse? You Decide! Digging for King Tuts tomb was postponed for years due to WWI Tombs were believed to curse anyone who disturbed the tomb of a pharaoh Shortly after the opening of the tomb Lord Carnarvon died On the day of the tomb opening, Carter's pet canary was eaten by a cobra (a symbol of the ancient pharaohs). At the moment that Carnarvon died in Cairo Hospital, the lights across Cairo went out for five minutes. Carnarvon's dog Susie, back in England, howled and dropped dead at exactly two o'clock in the morning, the time that Carnarvon died. George Jay Gould a wealthy financier became sick after opening the tomb and died a few months later. Strange Occurences: A Curse? You Decide! Lord Carnarvons brother became blind and later died during surgery to remove his teeth. Egyptologist, Aaron Ember, friend of Canarvon died in a fire a few years later, trying to save a book he was working on titled, Egyptian Book of the Dead Archbald Reed X-rayed his body and became sick the next day and died 3 days later Richard Bethell, Howard Carter’s secretary, died 7 years later of a respiratory infection… at 35. Hugh White, an archaeologist who helped on the dig, killed himself supposedly out of fear of the curse Strange Occurrences: The Truth Lord Carnarvon did die shortly after the opening of the tomb, but is believed to be by a bacterial infection from a mosquito bite. Howard Carters pet canary was given away to a friend and no evidence that was eaten by a cobra The lights in Cairo typically go out, even today. Carnarvons dog may have died, but 2 oclock Egyptian time is different than 2 oclock British time. Tombs and mummified bodies can contain mold spores and bacteria, that if exposed to, can make people sick. Hundreds of people were part of uncovering Tut’s tomb or entered the tomb, only a small number died. Howard Carter died almost 20 years later, at 64 Critical Thinking/Writing Assignment Think carefully about the information that I presented to you! Do you believe in the curse of King Tut? Read over the hand out. Write a one paragraph essay on if you believe King Tut’s Tomb was cursed: – In your topic sentence state your opinion on if you believe there is a curse. – Provide evidence to support your claim. Don’t just say “things happened.” – Conclusion should restate your position. 20 points. Due Tuesday. Please type and use MLA format with Name, Teacher, Period, Date Critical Thinking/Writing Assignment Think carefully about the information that I presented to you! Do you believe in the curse of King Tut? Read the hand out Write an essay on if you believe King Tut’s Tomb was cursed: – In your introduction, provide some background information on King Tut and state your opinion on if you believe there is a curse(thesis statement). – In your body, provide evidence to support your claim. Don’t just say “things happened.” Provide details! – Conclusion should remind reader of key points. 20 points plus 10 bonus points for a paper. . Due Tuesday. Please type and use MLA format with Name, Teacher, Period, Date The Second Intermediate Period 1786BC-1550BC Hyksos invade and conquer Egypt – Horse drawn chariots – Bronze weapons The New Kingdom 1550BC-1070BC Ahmose leads Egypt and drives Hyksos out Kings create Empire by capturing Syria and Palestine Hatshepsut rules, she is a female! Attempt to worship one God, Aten. Age of architecture with statues and cities built. Egyptian statues and temples Egypt Falls 1070BC-1900AD Assyrians defeat Egyptians with iron weapons Later Persian, Greeks, Romans, Muslims etc. rule over Egypt Becomes independent nation in 1900s Egyptian Contributions Papyrus, a type of paper Geometry to measure land Calendar First doctors Building Egypt Today Population 74,033,000 Capital Cairo; 11,146,000 Area 1,002,000 square kilometers (386,874 square miles) Language Arabic, English, French Religion Sunni Muslim, Coptic Christian Currency Egyptian pound Life Expectancy 68 GDP Per Capita U.S. $4,000 Literacy Percent 58