Download NEWTON LAWS OF MOTION Study guide

NEWTON LAWS OF MOTION
CHAPTE 14
STUDY GUIDE
NOM: ___________________
DATE: ___________________
Lesson 1: Newton’s first law (F6)
Force: A pull or a push.
Inertia: The tendency of an object to resist a change in its state of motion.
Friction: A force that acts against moving objects or a force that slows down objects.
Speed: How fast the position of an object is changing with time at any moment.
Velocity: The speed of an object taken together with its direction.
Acceleration: A change in velocity.
Deceleration is a special case of acceleration.
Newton’s first law of motion: Objects at rest remain at rest and objects traveling at a
steady rate in a straight line continue that way until a force acts on them.
Lesson 2: Newton’s second and third laws (F16)
There are 2 factors that affect acceleration: Force and mass.
When we increase the force on an object the acceleration increases.
But when we increase the mass of an object the acceleration decreases.
Formula: A = F - M (Acceleration equal the force divided by the mass)
Balanced forces: When all the forces on an object cancel one another out, the forces
are said to be balanced forces.
Unbalanced forces: When a certain force is either only partially canceled or not
canceled at all by other forces, the force is said to be unbalanced.
Newton’s second law of motion: When an unbalanced force acts on an object, the
object’s acceleration equals the force divided by the object’s mass.
Action: When one object applies a force to a second object, we call this force the
action.
Reaction: The force the second object returns to the first is called the reaction.
Work: Using force to move an object.
Simple machines: Devices with a few moving parts that make work easier to do.
Six types of machines: Levers, pulleys, inclined planes, screws, wheels and axles
and wedges.
The students need to be able to recognize what kind of simple machines every
day objects represent.
Lever: A rigid bar that rests on a pivot point. The lever turns up or down around the
fulcrum.
Effort arm: The part of the lever you apply an input effort force.
The resistance arm of the lever produces an output force to lift the load.
Wheel and axle: A large diameter wheel rotates in a circle around a small diameter
axle.
Pulley: A pulley is a wheel with a groove in the rim. A rope fits into the groove.
An inclined plane: A flat, slanted surface that makes it easier to move heavy objects
to higher levels.
A wedge: An inclined plane that is used as a tool for cutting or separating things.
A screw: A screw is an inclined plane wrapped in a spiral around a cylinder or cone.
A compound machine: A machine made of several simple machines.
Lesson 3: Newton’s law of gravitation(F32)
Air offers resistance to the motion of objects through it.
In space, there is no air so if I drop a feather and a ball at the same time from the
same height they will reach the ground at the same time, but on earth because of air
resistance the ball will reach the ground first.
Objects fall because of gravity.
Gravity: An attraction between the mass of the Earth and the mass of the object.
Objects with a large mass are pulled on by gravity with more force, but they also have
more inertia. This extra resistance offsets the greater pull of gravity on them.
Therefore, objects with greater mass fall with the same acceleration as less massive
objects.
Weight: The force of gravity on any object.
The speed of a falling object increases by 9.8 m/s each second.
Newton’s law of universal gravitation: The force of gravity between two objects
increases with the mass of the objects and decreases with the distance between them
squared.
This law is called universal because it applies to any objects.