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Transcript
Components of an operating system An operating system is a software program that provides an interface between the user and the computer and manages thousands of applications. Most computer systems are sold with an operating system installed. Computers that are designed for individual users are called Personal Computers (PCs). PC operating systems are designed to control the operations of programs such as Web browsers, word processors, and e-mail programs Computers that are capable of handling concurrent users and multiple jobs are called network servers or servers, as shown in Figure . Servers use operating systems called Network Operating Systems (NOS). A fast computer with a NOS installed may manage operations for a large company or a large Internet site, which involves keeping track of many users and many programs. A server environment is shown in Figure . There are three basic elements that make up the major design components of any operating system. These components are described as modular because each has a distinct function and can be developed separately: User interface – A user interacts with the operating system through the user interface. The user interface is the part of the operating system that can be used to issue commands by either typing them at a command prompt or pointing and clicking the mouse on a graphical user interface (GUI). Kernel – This is the core of the operating system. The kernel is responsible for loading and operating programs or processes and managing input and output. File management system – The file management system is what the operating system uses to organize and manage files. A file is a collection of data. Virtually all of the information that a computer stores is in the form of a file. There are many types of files, including program files, data files, and text files. The way an operating system organizes information into files is called the file system. Most operating systems use a hierarchical file system, which organizes files into directories under a tree structure. The beginning of the directory system is called the root directory. Reading the text: 1. Scan the text for difficult words and translate them. 2. What the text is about? Write down the subject\s of this text: ___________________, ___________________, ___________________, ___________________, ___________________, ___________________. 3. Write the key sentence for each paragraph: a. ______________________________________________ ___________ ______________________________________________ ___________ b. ______________________________________________ ___________ ______________________________________________ ___________ c. ______________________________________________ ___________ ______________________________________________ ___________ Understanding the text: 1. Write down two functions of the operating system. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. What is the major difference between OS and NOS? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 3. What do you think is the most important component of the operating system? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Good Luck