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The 8 Parts of Speech NOUNS • Nouns name persons, places, things, or concepts – – – – pilot house toy happiness • Proper name specific persons, places things, or concepts – – – – Bill Iowa Supreme Court Buddhism • Collective nouns name groups – Team – Flock – Jury Practice: Complete the sentences below with the correct types of noun. 1. Emily brought the _______ with her to school. (Noun) 2. Jose hopes to visit _________ one day. (Proper Noun) 3. I saw a _______ on television today. (Collective Noun) VERBS • Verbs move the meaning of a sentence by: – Showing action (run, gaze, understand) – Showing occurrence (become, happen) – Showing a state of being (be, seem) **Auxiliary verbs (helping verbs) combine with other verbs to create verb phrases o Include forms of be, do, and have o Also include can, could, may, must, shall, should, will, and would Practice: Complete the sentences below with the correct types of verb. 1. I ________ to the event. (Verb that shows action) 2. The party ________ last weekend. (Verb that shows occurrence) 3. She _______ very happy. (Verb that shows being) 4. I _______ do my homework tonight. (Auxiliary) PRONOUNS • Pronouns function as nouns in sentences and often take the place of nouns. – Personal Pronouns: refer to specific persons or things. • I, you, he, she, it, we, they – Indefinite Pronouns: Do not refer to specific nouns • All, some, any, none, somebody, anything – Possessive Pronouns: indicate ownership. • My, mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs, etc. • The noun that a pronoun refers to or replaces is called an antecedent. – Tom said he wasn’t at the part. Practice: Complete the sentences below with the correct types of pronoun. 1. ________ likes peanut butter a lot. (Personal) 2. ________of you may want to listen. (Indefinite) 3. _______ house is amazing! (Possessive) ADJECTIVES • Adjective modify (limit the meaning of) nouns and pronouns, usually by: – Describing (The red Corvette ran off the slippery road.) – Identifying (That Corvette is totaled.) – Quantifying (We saw many more Corvettes that day.) – Articles are also considered modifiers (the, a, an) Practice: Complete the sentences below with the correct types of adjective. 1. That was a very ________ baby. (Describing) 2. ______ day will forever by remembered as the day I ran over the mailbox. 3. I have seen _______ aliens in my lifetime. ADVERBS • Adverbs modify: – Verbs: I recently lost my job. – Adjectives: It was an extremely confusing movie. – Other adverbs: They very nearly captured the flag. Practice: Complete the sentences below with the correct types of adverb. 1. I __________ hate alfalfa sprouts. (modifies verbs) 2. What a _________ adorable house that is! (modifies adjectives) 3. She __________ positively vexes me! (modifies adverbs) PREPOSITIONS • Structural words that express relationships in: – Space (down, up, over) – Time (before, after, until) – Other senses (against, except) Practice: Complete the sentences below with a preposition. 1. When searching for your keys, you should always look _______ the couch. 2. I like to workout _________ I eat a good meal. 3. Don’t run ________ me! CONJUNCTIONS Conjunctions connect words or groups of words to each other. Let’s start with one… 1. Coordinating Conjunctions-Join equal structures (and, but, or, yet, nor for, so) FANBOYS! EX: The boys ate two pies, and they loved both. Practice: Complete the sentences below with a coordinating conjunction. 1. I went to the movies _____ I went to the mall. 2. A huge ________ docile dog approached us. INTERJECTIONS • Interjections express surprise or emotion: oh, ouch, ah, hey, yes, hurray, etc. Practice: Complete the sentences below with an interjection. 1. ______! I aced my quiz. 2. ______! It’s a leprechaun. PRACTICE MADLIBS The _______ was preparing for his dive into the noun-person _______. Before he jumped _______ the boat, noun-place preposition he always _________ his wife. ____ was always action verb Personal pronoun very _______about his diving, ______ she will be adjective conjunction ________ happy the day he ____________. Adverb action verb