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CULTURE CH 4.1 WHAT IS CULTURE? Total knowledge, attitude and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of a specific group. CULTURES IS… Food Traditions Shelter religion/values Architecture Days of Celebration Relationship with family Education Security/ protection History Writing system Political Structure Economy Language GROUPS WITHIN A CULTURE 1. 2. Society: A group that shares a geographic region and a sense of identity Ethnic Group: Specific group that shares a common language, customs, and heritage. CULTURAL CHANGE HAPPENS THOUGH… 1. Innovation: Taking current technology & improving it to create something new. CULTURAL CHANGE HAPPENS THOUGH… 2. Diffusion: Spread of ideas, inventions, or patterns of behavior CULTURAL CHANGE HAPPENS THOUGH… 3. Acculturation: society changes because it accepts an innovation LANGUAGE This is one of the most important aspects of culture because it allows people within the culture to communicate. Language helps establish a cultural identity and builds a sense of unity. LANGUAGE 1. Dialect: speech patterns related to a class or region. 2. Diffusion: languages may follow trade routes, through migration or even be invented. RELIGION Beliefs in a supernatural power or powers that are regarded as creators and maintainers of the universe. TYPES OF RELIGION 1. Monotheistic: belief in one god TYPES OF RELIGION 2. Polytheistic: belief in many gods 3. Animistic: belief in divine forces in nature MONOTHEISM Judaism (Jews) Oldest monotheistic religion (3,200+ years ago) Holy Book= Torah & Old Testament of the Bible Holy City= Jerusalem MONOTHEISM Christianity (Christians) Evolves from Judaism (2000 years ago) Based on teachings of Jesus Holy Book= Bible (Old & New Testament) Holy City= Jerusalem MONOTHEISM Islam (Muslims) Begins 613 AD w/ Muhammad’s teachings Worships Allah (God) Close ties with Judaism & Christianity Holy Book= Quran (Koran) Holy City= Mecca, Medina & Jerusalem POLYTHEISM Hinduism Oldest religion (5000 years ago) Began in India May believe in one god or many gods that represent Brahman Caste system- organizes society by classes CULTURAL HEARTH Area where civilization begangoing from hunting and gathering to a farming civilization. CULTURAL HEARTH Egypt- Nile River Valley Mesopotamia- Tigris & Euphrates River Valley (Fertile Crescent) India- Indus River Valley China- Yellow River Valley CULTURAL HEARTH