Download 4. Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration PDF File

Respiration
Respiration
Describe aerobic and anaerobic respiration, giving
sporting examples, including training methods of
each.
Explain how the body recovers from exercise.
Aerobic respiration
Respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen.
Glucose + Oxygen  Energy + Carbon dioxide + Water
This type of respiration I used when the body needs to produce energy over a long period of
time. There has to be a constant supply of oxygen to the body for this to occur.
Examples of sports that require aerobic respiration are: Marathon running, cross country
running, long distance swimming.
Continuous training is an aerobic training method.
Anaerobic respiration
Respiration that occurs with no oxygen present.
Glucose -> energy -> lactic acid.
This type of respiration can only be used for short bursts.
Examples of sport that require anaerobic respiration are: 100m sprinting and Netball.
Interval training is an anaerobic training method.
A lot of games activities will require both types of respiration: Aerobic to keep playing for a
long period of time and anaerobic to make quick sprints.
Oxygen Debt
When muscles respire anaerobically during intense exercise we have run out of oxygen and we
are using glycogen stores instead. We can respire anaerobically for about 60 seconds, during
this time we are borrowing oxygen. After this, we must replace the oxygen to prevent a build up
of lactic acid.
Recovery process
This is how the body responds after exercise to return to its normal, resting state.
Immediately after exercise we breathe quickly (increased breathing rate) to take in extra
oxygen, which helps get rid of lactic acid.
Expiration of breath- when we breathe out, we are getting rid of carbon dioxide and other
waste products from the lungs.
Perspiration (sweating)- this helps with temperature control and removes excess water such as
sweat.
Excretion- through urine and faeces, this helps remove excess water and lactic acid.
Activities:

Create a table with the headings ‘Aerobic’ and ‘anaerobic’ add in as many different
activities and training methods that fit under each category as you can.

Create a brainstorm with ‘respiration’ in the middle and fill one half with aerobic
information and the other half with anaerobic information.

Next time you take part in vigorous exercise think about how you feel after- how is your
body recovering?
Tips:

This is a big topic- make sure you revise it one small section at a time.

Make sure you know on example sport and on example training method for each type of
respiration.

Remember respiration is not to do with ‘breathing’ or ‘air’ it must be OXYGEN.
Exam questions:
Define the term ‘respiration’ (1 mark)
Describe the difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration (2 marks)
Which activity is most likely to use aerobic respiration for energy?

High jump

Shot putt

100m sprint

10k cross country run
Cardiovascular system
Cardiovascular system
Identify each of the training zones and thresholds
and give examples of training methods for each.
Calculate maximum heart rate and identify two
methods of measuring cardiovascular endurance.
Identify the three functions of the circulatory
system.
Maximum heart rate
Maximum heart rate is the fastest number of times your heart could beat per minute. This is
calculated as 220- age. E.g a 15 year olds maximum heart rate would be 205 beats per minute.
We use maximum heart rate to work out how hard the body is actually working. For example,
when working at 50% a 15 year olds heart rate should be 102-103 beats per minute.
Testing
We can test our cardiovascular systems efficiency by two different pulse checks. A pulse is a
place in the body we can feel the heart beating.
Resting pulse rate- this is how many times the heart beats per minute when we are calm and not
exercising. The lower the resting pulse rate the more efficient the cardiovascular system is.
Pulse recovery rate- this is when we take the pulse after exercise and measure the time taken
for the pulse to return to normal. The faster the pulse rate returns to normal the more
efficient the cardiovascular system is.
Training Zones and thresholds
Threshold- the point at which training improves fitness- the lines on the graph.
Zone- an area you need to be working in- the coloured parts of the graph.
Anaerobic- 80-90% of Maximum heart rate.
Aerobic- 60-80% of Maximum heart rate.
Functions of the blood
There are three main functions of the blood.
Transport- the blood carries oxygen and glucose to the working muscles and carries carbon
dioxide and other waste products away.
Protection- the blood carries anti bodies to help the body fight infection, and the blood can
clot to heal wounds.
Temperature control- The blood absorbs body heat and carries it to the skin where it is
released.
Activities:

Draw out the training thresholds graph and annotate it with the %’s , the training
methods used in each zones, and examples of sports that would use each zone.

Work out your own maximum heart rate.

Put the functions of the circulatory system into a table showing each function, and a
description of it.
Tips:

Remember ‘function’ and ‘role’ mean the same thing, so the question might ask you
‘Describe the role of blood’.

You need to be able to apply the training zones and thresholds to long answer
questions, so you need to be able to apply them to specific sports and training
methods.
Exam Questions:
When taking part in training, what is the minimum heart rate that you need to reach to improve
your fitness?

Training Zone

Training Threshold

Training Target

Training Method
Explain how John would calculate his maximum heart rate. (2 marks)
Identify the different training zones and explain how John can use them to get the most out of
his training programme. ( 6 marks)
John is a footballer, plan and describe an appropriate training programme for him, Include all
the relevant principles of training, except training zones ( 8 marks)
All of the following are functions of blood except:

Temperature control

Transport

Energy production

Protection