Download Taxonomy and Classification Powerpoint

Do Now:
• Think back to the Jones Beach lab where
you classified and sorted organisms.
• What do scientists sort organisms based
on?
Spider crab vs. green crab
What is taxonomy?
• The way in which organisms are sorted
based on physical characteristics and DNA
code.
Initially all organisms, were
broken down into only 2
major groups or Kingdoms:
•Plants
•Animals
Taxonomy:
• However, as more organisms were
discovered there was a need to
divide the groups even further.
• The classification of living
organisms is called Taxonomy and is
primarily based on structure of the
organism.
Classification Categories:
• The 5 kingdoms are very broad
and general categories.
• To help organize the wide
variety of animals, plants etc,
the 5 kingdoms were subdivided
into more specific categories.
The Classification Categories are:
Least
Specific
• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species
Most Specific
Keep
Ponds
Clean
Or
Fish
Get
Sick!
The Five Kingdoms…
• There are now 5 kingdoms
or major groups.
• They are:
– Monerans (bacteria, algae)
– Protists (ameba, paramecium)
– Fungi (lichens, yeast, mold)
– Plants(grasses, trees, flowers)
– Animals (fish, birds, dogs,
humans)
A. Kingdom Monera
• Microscopic
• Unicellular (single cell)
• Prokaryotic (no
nucleus)
• Lack most cell
organelles
• Ingest food by
absorption
• Ex: Blue-green algae,
bacteria
Blue-green Algae
B. Kingdom Protista
• Unicellular
(single cell)
• Eukaryotic (has
nucleus)
• Some are motile
(able to move)
• Ex: Amoeba,
paramecium
Ameba
Paramecium
C. Kingdom Fungi
• Multicellular
(has many cells)
• Eukaryotic (has
nucleus)
• Have cell walls
but CANNOT
make own food
• Ex: lichens,
yeast, mold,
mushrooms
Marine Fungi
• Rarely heard of
• Important role in decomposing (breaking
down cellulose in plant material)
• Coral reefs, estuaries, mangroves, etc.
Lichens
Mold
Moldy Room
Yeast
D. Plant Kingdom
Kelp can grow half a
meter a day!
• Multicellular
• Eukaryotic
• Make food by
photosynthesis
• Sessile (does
not move)
Phytoplankton
Sea grass
• The only flowering plant in the ocean!
E. Animal Kingdom
• Multicellular
• Eukaryotic
• Obtain food
mostly by ingestion
• Motile
1. Kingdom
• This is the largest and most
general unit of classification
• What kingdom do
dolphins belong to?
Animalia
Bottle Nose Dolphin Taxonomy
• KingdomAnimalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Mammalia
Order:Cetacea
Family:Delphinidae
Genus:Tursiops
Species: truncatus
2. Phylum
• The grouping of organisms based on general
body plan and structure
• What
phylum
do dolphins belong to?
Chordata
• All chordates have a dorsal (back) nerve cord
and cranium that protects the brain.
• Ex: Humans, dolphins, sharks, dogs, frogs
3. Class
• Share common characteristics
• What
class
do dolphins belong to?
Mammalia (mammals)
• Ex: Characteristics:
– Hair on body
– Give birth to live young
– Warm blooded
4. Order
• These organisms are more
similar than those of the same
class
• What
to?
order
do dolphins belong
Cetaceans
Dolphins, whales & porpoises
Sub order: Odontocetes
• Toothed whales
• Carnivores
5. Family
• They are similar in appearance, and
have the same feeding habits,
behaviors, and general functions
• What family do Dolphins belong to?
Delphinidae
• Ex: orca, pilot whales; fast, use
echolocation, do not dive as deep as
other cetaceans
6. Genus
• They are more similar in appearance and
may breed with each other
• What
genus do dolphins belong to?
Tursiops
• Ex:Rounded forehead, pronounced “beak”
Slight, almost un-noticable genetic
differences
•
•
•
•
Common bottle nose
Indopacific bottle nose (T. aduncus )
Pacific bottle nose (T. gillii)
Black sea bottle nose (T. truncatus ponticus )
7. Species
• This is the most specific unit of classification
• These individuals can interbreed freely and
are most similar to each other
• What species do bottle nose dolphins
belong to?
truncatus
Bottle Nose Dolphin Taxonomy
• KingdomAnimalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Mammalia
Order:Cetacea
Family:Delphinidae
Genus:Tursiops
Species: truncatus
Binomial Nomenclature
• Every organism has 2 names
• The first name is the Genus
(always Capitalized)
• The second name is the species
(lower case)
• The scientific name for humans
therefore is Homo sapiens
which means “wise man”
What is the scientific name for
a dog?
• The Genus is Canis
• House pet = Canis familiaris
• Wolf = Canis lupus
What is the scientific name for a
cat?
• The genus is Felis
• House pet = Felis domestica
• Bobcat = Felis rufa