Download AP150 NS-SPINAL CORD, NERVES, and pahtways intro study guide

NERVOUS SYSTEM CHAPTER 16 & 17: SPINAL CORD AND PATHWAYS INTRO
CHAPTER 16
TEXT BOOK CHAPTER 16:
 Pgs 485-510, Let the study guide dictate the level of detail you need to be concerned with
regarding plexuses and nerves
 Figure 16.4 is nice for locations of neurons in roots and horns
VISUAL ANALOGY GUIDE:
 Pg 446-449
MAIN OBJECTIVES/Students will be able to:
 describe the functional anatomy of the spinal cord
 Describe the sensory and motor innervation of selected peripheral nerves (you will have to review
cutaneous and motor innervations from previous units)
 Describe the spinal meninges and how the spinal cord is protected
 describe basic reflex arcs
 describe the structures that sensory and motor impulses travel through to the spinal cord from
specific regions of skin and from the spinal cord to specific muscles.
STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 16
To describe the functional anatomy of the spinal cord
1. What are the two basic functions of the spinal cord?
2. What is the general function of the white mater of the spinal cord?
3. What is the general function of gray matter in the spinal cord?
4. What openings in the spine/vertebral column do spinal nerves pass through/exit from?
5. What is the conus medullaris? Cauda Equina? Filum Terminale?
6. What function does the filum terminale perform?
7. Why are the inferior spinal roots/nerves elongated to form the cauda equina.
8. How long is the spinal cord in relationship to the vertebral cavity/canal?
9. How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
10. Describe how the length of the spine, and the spinal cord relate to our ability to perform
spinal taps/lumbar punctures.
11. What kind of neurons (both functional and structural classification) are found in the
anterior root? Posterior root? Spinal nerve?
12. Where are the cell bodies of somatic motor neurons within the spinal cord?
13. Where are the cell bodies of visceral motor (autonomic) neurons within the spinal cord?
14. What spinal cord structures do sensory neurons from the posterior root enter?
15. Where are the cell bodies of sensory neurons?
16. What root contains unipolar neurons?
17. What root contains multipolar neurons?
18. What root(s) contains motor neurons?
19. What root contains sensory neurons?
20. What is a nerve? SEE PG 426-428
21. Describe the basic anatomy of a nerve including endoneurium, epineurium, perineurium,
and fascicles. What kinds of tissue are found in each layer. SEE PG 426-428
22. Describe the anatomy of the following structures and their anatomical relationship to one
another:
Roots, Spinal nerve, dorsal rami, ventral rami, plexuses, nerves.
23. What is a plexus?
24. Describe the locations cervical plexus, brachial plexus, lumbar plexus and sacral plexus.
25. Generally speaking, what is the function of the spinal cord white matter?
26. What is an ascending pathway/tract?
27. What is a descending pathway/tract?
28. List the three pathways/tracts discussed in lecture
29. What tract/pathway carries signals about pain, crude touch, and temperature to the
cerebrum?
30. What pathway/tract carries information about fine touch and proprioception to the
cerebrum?
31. What pathway/tract carries information about proprioception to the cerebellum
32. What is the corticospinal pathway/tract and where is it found in the spinal cord?
33. Where is the spinothalamic tract located in the spinal cord?
34. Where is the dorsal column system located in the spinal cord?
35. Where is the spinocerebellar pathway/tract located within the spinal cord?
Describe the spinal meninges and how the spinal cord is protected (this might be covered with
cranial meninges)
36. List the spinal meninges and their spaces in order beginning with the most
superficial/external structure or space and ending with the meninx that covers the spinal
cord?
37. Where is the epidural space located?
38. Where is the subarachnoic space located?
39. What fills the epidural space?
40. What fills the subarachnoid space?
41. What is CSF and where is it found in relation to the spinal cord?
42. What are denticulate ligaments? What do they connect/join? What is their function?
describe basic reflex arcs
43. What is a reflex?
44. What is a spinal reflex
45. Describe a reflex arc?
46. Where within the nervous system are spinal reflexes integrated/processed?
47. Describe a basic monosynaptic reflex arc (pathway of impulses and locations of sensory
and motor neurons) such as the knee-jerk (stretch/extensor) reflex. Just use the terms
motor and sensory neurons don’t worry about gamma, alpha, etc….
48. Describe a basic polysynaptic reflex arc (pathway of impulses and locations of sensory,
motor neurons, interneurons) such as the withdrawal reflex (flexor). Just use the terms
motor and sensory neurons don’t worry about gamma, alpha, etc….
49. Describe how reciprocal inhibition works and what function it accomplishes in the context
of a withdrawal reflex.
50. Describe a crossed-extensor reflex and be able to use the terms ipsilateral and
contralateral.
Describe the pathway of motor and sensory impulses through the PNS to/from Spinal cord.
51. describe the structures that a sensory impulse (and the nerve that carries it) would travel through
from the nerves we studied to the spinal cord. Include all relevant the nerves, rami, plexuses,
and roots.(may be covered as part of reflex arcs)
52. describe the structures that a motor impulse (and the nerve that carries it) would travel through
from the spinal cord through the studied nerves; Include all relevant the nerves, rami, plexuses,
and roots. (may be covered as part of reflex arcs
QUESTIONS FROM TEXT
CHAPTER 16:


Matching: #1-5, 7-10
Multiple Choice: 1-10,