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Chp 10: The City - State 700 BC - 335 BC Section 1: The Polis * Polis = city - state - was the geographic & ______________________________________ - made up of _______________________________ grouped around a fortified hill. * Acropolis = ____________________________________ - at the top = temple of local god - at foot = agora = _____________________________________ * Each city state had its own government and ____________. * About _____________ citizens * Only _____________could vote, ________________________________ * Greek Citizens the polis gave them _________________________________ - they put the polis above everything else * Two greatest city - states = 1) _________________ 2) ________________ - Sparta = strongest ___________ - _________ = strongest _______________ - They each had a different government and way of life. Section 1 Assessment: 1) Define: a) POLIS ___________________________________________________ b) ACROPOLIS _______________________________________________ c) AGORA ___________________________________________________ 2) What areas generally made up each city - state ? _____________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3) What rights and duties did Greek citizens have ? _____________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 4) Which of the requirements for citizenship in early Greece do you think were fair and which were not ? Explain ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 5) Graphic Organizer: Draw a web to show characteristics of most Greek city-states. Section 2: Sparta * South Central Region of Greece * Know as _________________ * By 500 BC became ______________________________________________ * 800 BC = aristocrats = __________________________________________ * Two Kings ruled jointly - had little power. duties included = _________________________________ * Spartan Citizens = only aristocrats - 20 yrs old = _______________________ - passed laws & _______________________________________ - EPHORS = _______________________________________________ - Council of __________ helped the ephors and were men over _______ and were chosen for life. Aristocrats, Helots, and Perioeci: * Spartans did not have interest in farming, business ,or trade. * Helots = ___________________________________________________ - had to turn in 1/2 of their _________________________ * Perioceci = ________________________________________________ - were neither slaves or ___________ * Helots and Periocecis worked while aristocrats __________________________ * 750 BC _____________________________________________________ - aristocrats did not want to let them share in the government because they were afraid that change would __________________________________ Spartan Way Of Life: * Tried to become the ________________________________ * Newborns: _____________________________________________________ * 7 yr old boys were sent to live in _____________________ - trained to ________________________________________ - went barefoot, only a cloak to wear, walked in silence, and spoke only when necessary. - slept _________ * Spartan Men married at ______________ - lived _________________________________________________ * Spartan Women had more freedom than the women of other Greek city - states. - mixed freely with ________ - enjoyed sports ____________________ * Spartans believed _______________________________________ - tried to prevent change - remained poor _______________________________________ - main goal was to be _________________________ Section 2 Assessment: 1) Define: a) Aristocrats___________________________________________________ b) Helots ______________________________________________________ c) Perioeci _____________________________________________________ 2) How did the lifestyles of Spartan women differ from other Greek women ? ___________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3) Why did Sparta try to prevent change ? ___________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 4) How was Sparta similar to other Greek city - states ? How was it different ? _________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 5) Draw a chart and use it to weigh the pros and cons of living in Sparta. PROS CONS Section 3: Athens * Northeast of Sparta , located on the ____________ coast * Different philosophy about __________ than the Spartans. * 750 BC , Athenian _______, ____________, and ____________ took over the government and set up an ___________________. * Oligarchy = ________________________________________ - fights broke out over ___________________ - upper-class Athenians did not want fights and agreed to __________________ - Draco, a noble attempted to change the government but failed because he was to __________ * Solon - rich merchant chosen in 594 BC to _____________________________ - prepared a CONSTITUTION = _________________________________ _______________________________________________________ - set a limit on how much ___________ a person could own - gave landowners the ______________________________ - He: a) erased all _______ b) freed _______________ c) offered __________ d) ordered ________________________________ * Peisistratus - 560 BC took over the government - supported by _____________________ - divided large estates among ________________ - stated ________________________________________ - encouraged _________________________________________ A Democratic Constitution * 508 BC = Spartans were overthrown by Cleisthenes * Cleistenes - first constitution that was ______________, or ____________________ ________________________________________________________ - freedom of _____ - Opened the Assembly to all males over _____ yrs old - elected ____ generals to serve as magistrates - magistrates = _______________________________ - citizens were required to ___________ their sons. Boys had tutors or private school. They also participated in sports and memorized works of Homor and Greek poets * Council of Five Hundred - handled daily business - members chosen by ______ * Males - when 18 became _________ and went to the temple of the god _____ and took an oath of ________. The Persian Wars * Ruled the largest and _______________________________ * 490 BC, Darius ________________________________________ * Persians decided to sail directly to Athens and __________________________ * They were meet by __________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ * Greeks won the ______________________________ * Athens has ______ mines * Athenians bought TRIREMES = ____________________________________ - Athens had the largest navy in Greece * 480 BC Xerxes sent 250,000 and _________ northern Greece * 20 Greek City States banded together to stop the Persians from taking all of Greece The Delian League and the Athenian Empire * Persians had been driven from Greece but sill ruled ________ * Formed a DEFENSIVE LEAGUE or ___________________________called the _______________ - once became a League member it could not withdraw unless all members agreed - had a common _____ - Athenian coins replaced _________ - became the _________ Empire * Pericles = main leader of Athens - known as _____________ - rebuilt palaces and temples on the __________ - built ___________ - led for _____yrs (art, philosophy, literature = new heights) Decline of Athens * Greek city states became _____ of the powerful ________ * Peloponnesian War - Athenians attacked one of Sparta’s allies - lasted _____ yrs - ended in ______ when Athens surrendered to Sparta. * Athenian men became MERCENARIES = _____________________________ * Spartans set up an oligarchy and chose 30 Athenians to rule Section 3 Assessment 1) Define a) Oligarchy _____________________________________________________ b) Constitution ___________________________________________________ c) Democratic ____________________________________________________ d) Triremes _____________________________________________________ e) Mercenaries ___________________________________________________ 2) What political reforms did Cleisthenes introduce ? ______________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 3) What changes did Pericles bring to Athens ? _________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 4) What were some of the causes and effects of the Peloponnesian War ? ________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 5) Draw a diagram and use it to show how the Delian League affected both Athens and other city -states. Section 4: Decline of the City States * After the _______________, most Greeks began to lose their sense of _________ * lasted a long time / cost a great deal of money * Bitterness between ___________ and ___________ classes * After the war ___________________ * Spartans = harsh rulers * Thebes: - overthrew ________. - was no better than that of Sparta. It weakened the city-states even more - Greeks no longer ______________________________ * 338 BC = _________________________ conquered Greece. Section 4 Assessment 1) How did the Peloponnesian War help destroy the sense of community in most Greek citystates?____________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 2) What were some of the reasons for the decline of the Greek city-states? _____________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 3) Why might the Greeks have become more interested in making money for themselves rather than for the city-state after the Peloponnesian War.____________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 4) Draw a flow chart -- trace the decline of the Greek city - states after the Peloponnesian War.