Download Unit 5_Lesson 109_Review

Name ___________________________
Course: Science/Ms. Lopez
Date: __________________
109a
Homeroom:
SWBAT prepare for their final exam by review material from Unit 1 and Unit 2.
Life Science is the study of living things
Earth Science is the study of solar system, landforms, and resources of the earth
Physical Science is the study of matter and energy
Using the notes from above, answer the questions below
1.) What branch of science would you be studying if you were blowing up chemicals?
A.) Life
B.) Earth
C.) Physical
Write the one word you circled to help you answer this question _____________________________
2.) If you were a geneticist, someone who studies how traits are passed to babies, you would be
studying?
A.) Life
B.) Earth
C.) Physical
Write the one word you circled to help you answer this question ______________________________
3.) If you were creating a circuit to create light and energy for a building, you would be studying?
Write the one word you circled to help you answer this question _______________________________
4.) Which of the following would likely be a study for a Life Scientist?
A.) The study of solids, liquids, and gases in phase changes
For Each Wrong Answer, Explain what
type of branch you would be studying
A.) This is example of ______________
B.) The study of the Rock Cycle
B.) This is example of _______________
C.) The study of the Water Cycle
C.) This is example of ______________
D.) The study of how plants grow through photosynthesis
D.) This is example of ______________
Big Bang:
Key points:
i.
The Big Bang Theory describes how the universe began. It says the universe started
off as a tiny dot. 13.5 billion years ago, the dot began to expand. It is still expanding
today. We can tell because if we look very closely, galaxies are moving away from each
other (remember the raisin bread?).
ii.
We live on a planet called Earth. Earth goes around a star that we call the Sun, which
is just like any of the other stars we see at night (except closer). Our star and
everything that orbits it is called the Solar System. All of the stars we see at night
have solar systems of their own.
iii.
Our star is located in the Milky Way galaxy, a collection of billions of stars shaped in a
spiral. Other than the Milky Way, there are billions of galaxies. In fact, some of the
“stars” we see are actually galaxies. Finally, everything that exists is the universe.
Check yourself:
1. Which of the following describes the current theory of the origin of the universe?
A) The universe was formed a few thousand years ago and has not changed since
B) The universe has always been the same and will always be the same
C) The universe came into existence billions of years ago and has been getting larger in size ever
since.
D) The universe came into existence millions of years ago and has been getting smaller in size ever
since.
2. Which theory is supported amongst scientific community for origin of earth?
A) Tidal theory
B) Dynamic condensation theory
C) Condensation theory
D) Big Bang theory
3. Which places the following terms correctly in largest to smallest?
A) earth, solar system, galaxy, universe
B) solar system, earth, universe, galaxy
C) universe, solar system, galaxy, earth
D) universe, galaxy, solar system, earth
4. Which would take the longest to travel to?
a)
b)
c)
d)
another star
another galaxy
another planet
Pluto
Gravity:
Key Points:
i.
Gravity is a universal force that pulls objects together. Every object exerts a
gravitational force on every other object. So, when you jump, the Earth pulls on you
but you also pull on the Earth.
ii.
The two factors that influence gravity are mass and distance. Mass is how much stuff
is in an object (how much it weighs) and distance is how far away an object is. The
more massive (heavy) and object is, the more gravitational pull it has. Distance is the
opposite. The greater the distance between objects, the less gravitational pull they
have on each other. This is why astronauts float in space.
iii.
Gravity holds the solar system together. The Sun has so much mass, that it forces the
planets to orbit around it. Without gravity, the Earth would fly through space in a
straight line at a constant speed.
Check yourself:
1) Underline the objects that have gravity. Circle the object that has the most gravitational force.
Elephant
Mouse
Feather
Sun
Skyscraper
Pebble
2) The two factors that affect the force of gravity are:
a) force and vector
b) mass and weight
c) distance and gravity
d) mass and distance
3) What does the earth orbit around?
A) Sun
B) Moon
C) Solar System
D) Jupiter
4) How would the motion of earth change if the sun did not exert gravitational force on the Earth?
A) The Earth would continue to orbit the sun
B) The Earth would stop moving
C) The Earth would start orbiting the moon
D) The Earth would move in a straight line at a constant speed
5) Astronauts have the same mass on earth and in space. Why do they experience weightlessness in
space but not on earth?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
6) What does it mean for something to be in orbit?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Solar System:
Key Points:
i.
ii.
iii.
The solar system formed when gravity pulled a cloud of gas and dust (called a nebula)
together and it began to spin. As it spun, the Sun formed at the center. The planets
formed as small particles stuck together. As they got bigger, they had more gravity
and pulled more stuff in (like snowballs rolling down a hill).
The inner planets are close to the Sun, small and rocky. They include Mercury, Venus,
Earth, and Mars. The outer planets are far from the Sun, large and gassy. They
include Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
There is a lot more in the solar system then just planets. The inner and outer planets
are separated by the asteroid belt (a region of space full of small and large rocks).
Beyond Neptune there is the Kuiper belt, which is like another asteroid belt where
Pluto is found. Finally, the Oort cloud is very far from the Sun and is where comets
live.
Check yourself:
1) Label all of the planets:
2) Fill in the graphic organizer with the characteristics of the inner and outer planets:
Inner Planets
Outer Planets
3) Which of the following is primarily responsible for the formation of the solar system, Earth, and
the moon.
a) Gravity
b) Giant impact theory
c) Nebula
d) The big bang
4) Imagine you are on a trip from the Sun to the outside of our solar system. Put these objects in
order based on when you would see them in your journey.
I)
II)
III)
IV)
V)
i.
Jupiter
Kuiper belt
Mercury
Oort cloud
Asteroid belt
________, 2) ________, 3) ________, 4) ________, 5) ________
Impact Events:
Key points:
i.
ii.
iii.
Impacts from asteroids, comets, and meteors are an important part of Earth’s history.
They are responsible for the creation of the Moon, the delivery of water to Earth, and
the extinction of the dinosaurs. An impact from any of these objects creates a crater.
Comets are balls of ice and rock (dirty snowballs) that orbit the Sun. It may take a
comet more than 100 years to complete one orbit. When it gets close to the Sun, it
melts and gets a tail. We only see comets every few decades, but they can last for up
to a week.
Asteroids are large rocks that orbit the Sun. They are found mostly in the asteroid belt
between Mars and Jupiter. Meteors are small rocks that orbit the Sun. When a meteor
hits the Earth, it burns up in the atmosphere. We call this a shooting star. If the
meteor reaches the ground, it is called a meteorite.
Check yourself:
1) On a dark, clear night, you look up and see a bright streak across the sky. It stays there every
night for almost a week. Your great-grandfather tells you he saw the same bright light 72 years ago.
You just witnessed a
a) meteor
b) dwarf planet
c) comet
d) asteroid
2) Which
a)
b)
c)
d)
of the following is responsible for the extinction of the dinosaurs?
meteor
dwarf planet
comet
asteroid
3) Which of the following objects move in orbits around the Sun?
(1) Planets
(3) Comets
(2) Asteroids
(4) All of the Above
4) A person observes that a bright object streaks across the nighttime sky in a few seconds. What is
this object most likely to be?
(1) a comet
(3) an aurora
(2) a meteor
(4) an orbiting satellite
Layers of the Earth:
Key Points:
i.
The Earth grew by accumulating more mass from impacts with other objects in space.
It started off as a hot ball of molten rock and gas. As it cooled, the heaviest materials
sank to the bottom (center) and the lightest materials floated to the top (surface).
ii.
The Earth has four main layers. The inner core, outer core, mantle and crust. The
inner core is made of solid metal (iron), the outer core is made of liquid metal. The
mantle is made out of liquid rock (magma), the crust is made of solid rock. The deeper
you go into the Earth, the hotter it is.
Check yourself:
1. Circle which of the four layers would be considered the lithosphere?
Inner Core
Outer Core
Mantle
Crust
Outer Core
Mantle
Crust
3. Which layer of Earth is the thinnest?
Inner Core
Outer Core
Mantle
Crust
2. Where in the Earth are the hottest temperatures found?
Inner Core
4. Label the layers of the Earth:
5. Explain why the core is made mostly of iron while the crust is made mostly of rock. Use complete
sentences.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Plate Tectonics:
Key Points:
i.
Earth’s crust is broken into pieces called plates. These plates float on top of the liquid
mantle. Because of the flow of magma in the mantle, the plates move slowly. This is
called continental drift. Plates move a few inches a year, about the same speed as
your fingernails.
ii.
200 million years ago, all of the continents were combined and formed a landmass
called Pangaea. Over time, the continents separated. One reason we know Pangaea
existed because fossils of the same kind of land creatures are found in South America
and Africa.
Check yourself:
1.What is continental drift?
a) A mountain range at the boundary between two plates
b) The theory that the continents were once joined together, but have drifted apart due to the
movement of the Earth’s plates.
c) A pattern of fossils found across two or more continents
d) The movement of species of living plants and animals across different continents
2. What causes the lithospheric plates to move?
a) Volcanic activity at plate boundaries
b) Convection currents within the mantle
c) Earthquakes at the ocean floor
d) All of the above
3) Cynognathus was a large land creature that had short stubby legs. It fed on grass like plants and
could not swim. It’s fossils are discovered in South America and Africa. Explain why this is evidence
for the existence of Pangaea.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Plate Boundaries:
Key points:
i.
The collision or separation of plates causes major changes to Earth’s geography. The
movement of continents (continental drift) is caused by divergent plate boundaries. A
divergent plate boundary is where two plates are moving in opposite directions. These
are most often found at the bottom of the ocean.
ii.
Tall mountain ranges and volcanoes are created by convergent plate boundaries. A
convergent plate boundary is where two plates are moving towards each other. If they
are both made of land, the plates will form tall mountains. If one of the plates is an
ocean plate, it will sink below the other plate. As it sinks, it melts and turns into
magma. This magma will rise to the surface and form volcanoes or volcanic islands.
iii.
Earthquakes are usually caused by transform (sliding) boundaries. A transform
boundary is when two plates slide against each other.
Check Yourself:
1) Which plate boundary is primarily responsible for producing tall mountains?
a. Divergent
b. Convergent
c. Transform
2) Over 90% of the Earth’s volcanoes are located on the Ring of Fire. Which type of plate boundary
do you think is found along the Ring of Fire? Why?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
3) What is a divergent boundary?
a. The boundary between two plates moving towards each other
b. The boundary between two plates moving apart
c. The boundary between two plates sliding past each other
4) Which plate boundary do you think was responsible for the 1988 San Francisco earthquake?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
5) Draw a convergent plate boundary in which an ocean plate sinks below a land plate:
Water Cycle:
Key points:
i.
Water is found in three phases on Earth: solid (ice), liquid, and gas (vapor). Water
changes phases when it’s temperature changes:
Getting warmer:
Getting colder:
ii.
Ice  liquid = melting
liquid  vapor = evaporation
Vapor  liquid = condensation liquid  ice = freezing
All of the water on Earth is called the hydrosphere. The Sun causes water to move in a
cycle. The four stages of the water cycle are evaporation, condensation, precipitation
and runoff:
-Evaporation: liquid water is heated up by the Sun and becomes vapor.
-Condensation: vapor in the air cools down and turns into a liquid. This forms clouds.
-Precipitation: water falls from clouds as rain, sleet, hail, or snow.
-Runoff: water flows downhill and eventually reaches the ocean or sinks into ground.
Check yourself:
1) For how long has the water cycle been occurring?
a. Since humans started living on Earth
b. Since water came to exist on Earth
c. Since the Earth came to exist
d. Since dinosaurs start living on Earth
2) Ms. Moody puts a ice cube in the freezer on high for 20 minutes. Describe the changes the ice
cube will go through.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
3) Draw and label the four stages of the water cycle:
Types of Rocks:
Key Points:
i.
Sedimentary rocks are made when particles of other rocks or living things (sediment)
is compacted for millions of years by rock above it. Sedimentary rock forms layers and
is the only type where fossils are found.
ii.
Igneous rocks are made when magma or lava cools and hardens. When magma cools
slowly underground it can form large crystals. When lava cools quickly on the surface,
it can become glassy or trap air bubbles inside of it.
iii.
Metamorphic rocks are made when intense heat and pressure changes old rock into
new rock. This only happens deep underground where heat and pressure are intense
(but not so hot that the rock melts). Metamorphic rocks can have crystals or twisted
layers caused by pressure.
Check yourself:
1) Coal is a rock made from the remains of ancient swamps that is compressed by rocks above it.
What type of rock is coal?
a. Sedimentary
b. Igneous
c. Metamorphic
2) What would be the best place to visit if you wanted to find igneous rock?
a. The top of Mt. Everest
b. An ancient river that has been covered in sediment
c. Hawaii
3) Which
a.
b.
c.
of the following is NOT true about metamorphic rocks?
They are formed deep underground.
They often have thin layers and odd crystal formation.
They are the result of other types of rock melting and then cooling.
4) Which type of rock is created from pieces of other rocks?
a. Igneous rock
b. Metamorphic rock
c. Sedimentary rock
5) Which type of rock is created due melted rock (magma) cooling?
a. Igneous rock
b. Metamorphic rock
c. Sedimentary rock
6) Which type of rock is created when heat and pressure changes the structure or composition?
a. Igneous rock
b. Metamorphic rock
c. Sedimentary rock
Rock Cycle:
Key Points:
i.
ii.
Rock is cycled around the planet and changes form. Weathering breaks rock down
into smaller and smaller pieces. This can be caused by wind, rain, freezing, or living
things. Erosion moves rocks around. This is usually caused by gravity, wind or water.
Pieces of rock can be compressed together to form sedimentary rock. Rocks can be
melted to form magma/lava and cooled to form igneous rock. Intense pressure can
change rocks into metamorphic rock. Rocks can be pulled underground by plate
boundaries and become part of the mantle.
Check yourself:
UNIT 2 - Cell Theory has three parts
1.) All living things are______________________________________________________________
2.) Cells are the basic unit of ____________________________ and _______________________
3.) All cells are produced from __________________ ________________________________
Write True or False if the following is a property of ALL Living things
1.) Excretion – All living things get rid of wastes _______________
2.) Energy- All living things need energy ________________________
3.) All living things are composed of shells from a turtle _______________________
4.) All living things are composed of cells ______________________________
5.) All living things reproduce ________________________________
6.) All living things grow and develop ________________________________
7.) All living things use the sun to make their own energy
_______________________
8.) All living things are disease causing organisms ____________________________
9.) All living things respond and adapt to their environment _______________________
10.)
All living things breathe (respiration) ___________________________
11.)
All living things breathe with their lungs ___________________________
Directions: Match the cellular organelle to its function in the cell:
Mitochondria
The Shipping / Receiving Department:
Regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
Lysosomes
The Power Plant. Transforms energy stored in
food into energy for the cell.
Nucleus
The Assembly Line. Move the proteins around
as they are built by the workers
Cytoplasm
The Factory Floor. The liquid (or goo) inside the
membrane that contains all the organelles.
Cell Membrane
The Workers. Assemble proteins by following
coded instructions sent by the nucleus.
Golgi
Describe
Apparatus
what is involved in each of the five parts
The
of CEO.
the scientific
Commands
method:
the cell by issuing coded
instructions (DNA) for making proteins
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
The Packaging Department. Puts the final
touches on proteins and bundles them for
shipping.
The Clean-up Crew. Digest and break down
waste and molecules that have outlived their
purpose.
____4) If the cell is a factory, what is the factory producing?
a)
b)
c)
d)
DNA
Proteins
Ribosomes
New cells
____5) The purpose of the DNA is to:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Supply energy to the cell
Holds the instructions for building proteins
Allow materials to enter and exit the cell
Fight predators
____6) Which of the following organelles are found in both plants and animals?
A. Nucleus and Large Vacuole
B. Cell Membrane and Ribosomes
C. Chloroplast and Mitochondrion
D. Cell Wall and Small Vacuole
____7) What is NOT found in animal cells?
A. Small Vacuole
B. Cytoplasm
C. Cell Membrane
D. Cell Wall
8) Which cellular organelle is responsible for creating energy within an animal cell?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
9) Which appeared first on Earth, eukaryotes or prokaryotes? Explain your reasoning in
complete sentences.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
10) What are the three parts of cell theory?
1: ________________________________________________________________________________________
2: ________________________________________________________________________________________
3: ________________________________________________________________________________________
___11) What is found inside the nucleus?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Ribosomes
Proteins
Mitosis
DNA
____12) Which of the following is NOT a property of ALL living things?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Excretion- All living things get rid of wastes.
Cells- All living things are made of cells.
Energy- All living things need energy and have energy by cellular respiration.
Photosynthesis- All living things use the sun to make their own energy.
13) Why do plant cells have cell walls and animal cells do not?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
14) Which of the following organisms are unicellular?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
____15) What structure in a plant cell captures energy from the sun to make the cell food in
a process called photosynthesis?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Vacuole
Cell wall
Chloroplast
Mitochondrion
____16) Which stage of mitosis is show below?
a.
b.
c.
d.
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
____17) Over the summer, Ms. Lopez got a terrible cut on her arm. After a few weeks her
skin had repaired itself. Now she has a scar. What caused her body to heal?
a.
b.
c.
d.
mitosis
carbohydrates
bacteria
photosynthesis
18) Is the cell to the right a plant cell or an animal cell? Explain how you know in complete
sentences.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
____19. Which part of a cell allows materials to enter or leave a cell?
a. cytoplasm
b. nucleus
c. cell membrane
d. cell wall
____20. ____________________________ are tiny organelles that create proteins for the cells.
a. Ribosomes
b. Vacuoles
c. Nuclei
d.
Mitochondria
____21. The __________________ is the jelly-like substance throughout plant and animal cells.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Cell Wall
____22. A rose bush and a bacteria cell are both living organisms with significantly different
structures. How is the structure of a rose bush different from the structure of a bacteria
cell?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The
The
The
The
rose
rose
rose
rose
bush
bush
bush
bush
has smaller cells
has bigger cells
is unicellular
is multicellular
____23. Which of the following lists the levels of organization in a zebra from smallest to
largest?
a.
b.
c.
d.
tissue
cell 
cell 
tissue
 cell  organ  organism  organ system
tissue  organ  organ system  organism
organ  tissue  organ system  organism
 cell  organism  organ system  organ
_____24. A zebra is a living organism. Which of the following applies to T-Rex?
a.
b.
c.
d.
It
It
It
It
is made of one or more cells
has no cells
is made up of only one cell
is unicellular