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06/05/2017 Chemistry 1 The structure of the atom 06/05/2017 Describe the structure of an atom Mass and atomic number 06/05/2017 Particle Relative Mass Relative Charge Proton 1 +1 Neutron 1 0 Electron Almost 0 -1 MASS NUMBER SYMBOL How do you find out the number of Protons? Electrons? Neutrons? PROTON (ATOMIC) NUMBER = Elements, compounds & mixtures 06/05/2017 What are Elements? Compounds? Mixtures? Periodic table Where are the Reactive metals? Transition metals? Non metals? Noble gases? H Li Be Na Mg Columns called groups 06/05/2017 Mendeleev He B C N O F Ne Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Rows called periods Electron structure Describe how to work out the electron configuration of an element Nucleus 06/05/2017 Covalent bonding Give 4 facts about covalent bonding 06/05/2017 Ionic bonding Na 06/05/2017 Give 4 facts about ionic bonding + Na Cl Cl Limestone Limestone is a sedimentary rock made up of mainly calcium carbonate. It’s cheap and easy to obtain by quarrying. What is limestone? How is it obtained? Give 4 uses of limestone 06/05/2017 Limestone What are the pros and cons of quarrying? 06/05/2017 The “Limestone Cycle” 06/05/2017 Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) + water calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 (slaked lime) calcium oxide + carbon dioxide CaO (quicklime) + CO2 How is limestone converted into calcium oxide? How is calcium oxide converted into calcium hydroxide? How is calcium hydroxide converted into limestone? Metal extraction 06/05/2017 What are the 3 ways of extracting metals? increasing reactivity Metals can either be found native in the ground (e.g. gold) or are found as metal ores (e.g. iron = haematite, aluminium = bauxite) potassium sodium calcium magnesium aluminium carbon zinc iron lead copper silver gold Reduction What is reduction? 06/05/2017 carbon zinc iron lead copper Electrolysis Give 5 facts about electrolysis + + + + Cu2+ Cu2+ - 06/05/2017 potassium sodium calcium magnesium aluminium carbon Bioleaching & phytomining 06/05/2017 Describe how these 2 new methods work Recycling metals Give 5 reasons for recycling Properties of metals 06/05/2017 Give 5 properties of metals Li Be Na Mg Al K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Copper, Aluminium and Titanium 06/05/2017 For each metal give a property and a corresponding use Alloys 06/05/2017 What is an alloy? Why are alloys better than pure metals? Gold mixed with copper Aluminium mixed with magnesium and copper Aluminiun mixed with chromium Using Iron 06/05/2017 How is iron obtained? What are the problems of this iron? How can this iron be improved? Steel with a low carbon content is easily shaped Steel with a high carbon content is strong but brittle Steel with chromium and nickel is called stainless steel Crude oil What is crude oil? How is it separated? 06/05/2017 D e c r e a s i n g t e m p e r a t u r e Alkanes What are alkanes? What is the general formula? 06/05/2017 Patterns 06/05/2017 Increasing length Give 3 properties of an increased chain length Burning Fossil Fuels 06/05/2017 What are the differences between the 2 types of burning? H H C H O O H H H C O C O H O H O H H O C O O O O H H Sulphur dioxide What are the problems associated with sulphur dioxide? 06/05/2017 Alternative fuels What are the pros and cons of Ethanol Biodiesel Hydrogen gas 06/05/2017 Cracking Gaseous hydrocarbon Long chain hydrocarbon Heated catalyst What is cracking? 06/05/2017 Liquid hydrocarbon How does it occur? Why does cracking need to happen? Alkenes 06/05/2017 What are alkenes? What is the general formula? Why is there no alkene with only 1 C? Testing for alkenes What is the test for alkenes? 06/05/2017 Making ethanol What are the 2 ways of making ethanol? What are the pros and cons for each? 06/05/2017 Monomers and Polymers 06/05/2017 How are polymers made? n C C C C n Ethene Poly(ethene) Properties & uses of polymers 06/05/2017 Give properties of polymers and corresponding uses Extracting plant oils How are plant oils extracted? 06/05/2017 Emulsions What is an emulsion? What are emulsifiers? 06/05/2017 Emulsifiers - HT 06/05/2017 How do emulsifiers work? emulsifier water oil Saturated and unsaturated oils 06/05/2017 What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated oils? Hydrogenating oil- HT How and why is oil hydrogentated? 06/05/2017 The Structure of the Earth 06/05/2017 Describe the structure of the Earth Tectonic plates Describe how tectonic plates are able to move 06/05/2017 Tectonic theory What is tectonic theory? What evidence is there for it? 06/05/2017 Movement at boundaries 06/05/2017 What is the impact of movement between plate boundaries? What type of plate movement causes each? 06/05/2017 Evolution of the Earth’s Atmosphere Carbon dioxide Methane Ammonia Oxygen Nitrogen Others Describe how and why the Earth’s atmosphere has changed 4 Billion years 3 Billion years 2 Billion years 1 Billion years Present day