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06/05/2017
Chemistry 1
The structure of the atom
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Describe the structure of an atom
Mass and atomic number
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Particle
Relative Mass
Relative Charge
Proton
1
+1
Neutron
1
0
Electron
Almost 0
-1
MASS NUMBER
SYMBOL
How do you find out
the number of
 Protons?
 Electrons?
 Neutrons?
PROTON (ATOMIC) NUMBER =
Elements, compounds & mixtures
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What are
 Elements?
 Compounds?
 Mixtures?
Periodic table
Where are the
 Reactive metals?
 Transition metals?
 Non metals?
 Noble gases?
H
Li Be
Na Mg
Columns called groups
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Mendeleev
He
B C N O F Ne
Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Fr Ra
Rows called periods
Electron structure
Describe how to work out
the electron configuration
of an element
Nucleus
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Covalent bonding
Give 4 facts about covalent bonding
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Ionic bonding
Na
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Give 4 facts about ionic bonding
+
Na
Cl
Cl
Limestone
Limestone is a sedimentary rock made up of mainly
calcium carbonate. It’s cheap and easy to obtain by
quarrying.
What is limestone?
How is it obtained?
Give 4 uses of limestone
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Limestone
What are the pros and cons of quarrying?
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The “Limestone Cycle”
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Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)
+
water
calcium hydroxide
Ca(OH)2 (slaked lime)
calcium oxide + carbon dioxide
CaO (quicklime) +
CO2
How is limestone converted into calcium oxide?
How is calcium oxide converted into calcium hydroxide?
How is calcium hydroxide converted into limestone?
Metal extraction
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What are the 3 ways of
extracting metals?
increasing reactivity
Metals can either be found native in the ground (e.g. gold) or
are found as metal ores (e.g. iron = haematite, aluminium =
bauxite)
potassium
sodium
calcium
magnesium
aluminium
carbon
zinc
iron
lead
copper
silver
gold
Reduction
What is reduction?
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carbon
zinc
iron
lead
copper
Electrolysis
Give 5 facts about electrolysis
+
+
+
+
Cu2+
Cu2+
-
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potassium
sodium
calcium
magnesium
aluminium
carbon
Bioleaching & phytomining
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Describe how these 2 new methods work
Recycling metals
Give 5 reasons for recycling
Properties of metals
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Give 5 properties of metals
Li Be
Na Mg
Al
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Fr Ra
Copper, Aluminium and Titanium
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For each metal give a property and a
corresponding use
Alloys
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What is an alloy?
Why are alloys better than pure metals?
Gold mixed with
copper
Aluminium mixed
with magnesium
and copper
Aluminiun mixed
with chromium
Using Iron
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How is iron obtained?
What are the problems of this iron?
How can this iron be improved?
Steel with a low
carbon content is
easily shaped
Steel with a high
carbon content is
strong but brittle
Steel with chromium
and nickel is called
stainless steel
Crude oil
What is crude oil?
How is it separated?
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D
e
c
r
e
a
s
i
n
g
t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e
Alkanes
What are alkanes?
What is the general formula?
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Patterns
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Increasing length
Give 3 properties
of an increased
chain length
Burning Fossil Fuels
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What are the differences between the 2
types of burning?
H
H
C
H
O
O
H
H
H
C
O
C
O
H
O
H
O
H
H
O
C
O
O
O
O
H
H
Sulphur dioxide
What are the problems associated with
sulphur dioxide?
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Alternative fuels
What are the pros and cons of
 Ethanol
 Biodiesel
 Hydrogen gas
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Cracking
Gaseous
hydrocarbon
Long chain
hydrocarbon
Heated
catalyst
What is cracking?
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Liquid
hydrocarbon
How does it occur?
Why does cracking need to happen?
Alkenes
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What are alkenes?
What is the general formula?
Why is there no alkene with only 1 C?
Testing for alkenes
What is the test for alkenes?
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Making ethanol
What are the 2 ways of making ethanol?
What are the pros and cons for each?
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Monomers and Polymers
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How are polymers made?
n
C
C
C
C
n
Ethene
Poly(ethene)
Properties & uses of polymers
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Give properties of polymers and corresponding
uses
Extracting plant oils
How are plant oils extracted?
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Emulsions
What is an emulsion?
What are emulsifiers?
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Emulsifiers - HT
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How do emulsifiers work?
emulsifier
water
oil
Saturated and unsaturated oils
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What is the difference between saturated
and unsaturated oils?
Hydrogenating oil- HT
How and why is oil hydrogentated?
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The Structure of the Earth
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Describe the structure of the Earth
Tectonic plates
Describe how tectonic plates are able to
move
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Tectonic theory
What is tectonic theory?
What evidence is there for it?
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Movement at boundaries
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What is the impact of movement between plate
boundaries?
What type of plate movement causes each?
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Evolution of the Earth’s Atmosphere
Carbon
dioxide
Methane
Ammonia
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Others
Describe how and why the Earth’s atmosphere has
changed
4 Billion years
3 Billion years
2 Billion years
1 Billion years
Present day