Download Cardiac Cycle

Cardiac Cycle
Lesson 3.1
Developed by Geran Call as partial
fulfillment for Master’s plan B
NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1
Heart Anatomy: Four
Chambers
• Right Atrium: Receives
deoxygenated blood from the
body
Right Atrium
• Right Ventricle: Pumps
deoxygenated blood into the lungs
to receive oxygen
• Left Atrium: Receives oxygenated
blood from the lungs
• Left Ventricle: Pumps oxygenated
blood to the body
Right Ventricle
Developed by Geran Call in partial
fulfillment for Master’s plan B
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1
Heart Anatomy: Valves
Pulmonary artery
Aorta
• Atrioventricular Valves:
Allows blood to pass from Right semilunar valves
atria to ventricles and closes
to prevent back flow when
the ventricle contracts (Right
and Left)
• Semilunar Valves: pump
blood between ventricles
and associated arteries
(right ventricle pumps blood
to the pulmonary artery, left Right atrioventricular
ventricle pumps blood to the valves
aorta.)
Left atrioventricular
Developed by Geran Call in partial
fulfillment for Master’s plan B
Left semilunar valves
valves
NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1
Heart Anatomy: Vessels
Pulmonary artery
Aorta
• Pulmonary artery: carries
blood to the lungs.
• Pulmonary veins: carries blood
from the lungs to the left side
of the heart.
• Aorta: Carries oxygenated
blood to the body.
Developed by Geran Call in partial
fulfillment for Master’s plan B
Pulmonary veins
NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1
Heart Anatomy: Electrical
Nodes
• Sinoatrial Node (SA
node): known as the
“pacemaker of the
SA Node
heart,” sets the heart’s
beating rhythm.
AV Node
• Atrioventricular Node
(AV node): passes the
signal from the SA
node to the ventricles,
causing a delay in the
cardiac cycle.
Developed by Geran Call in partial
fulfillment for Master’s plan B
NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1
Heart Anatomy: Electrical
Nodes
• Punkinje Fibers: is
muscle fiber that
creates a network
and carries
electrical signals
throughout the
heart
Punkinje Fibers
Developed by Geran Call in partial
fulfillment for Master’s plan B
NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1
How the heart pumps blood
The circulation of the blood is an
endless cycle. For our purpose,
let’s begin the cycle at the right
atrium and left atrium. The blue is
deoxygenated blood in the right
atrium. The red is oxygenated
blood in the left atrium. With the
Atrioventricular Valves open blood
drains into the ventricles.
Developed by Geran Call in partial
fulfillment for Master’s plan B
NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1
How the heart pumps blood
When the muscles contract around
the atria the deoxygenated blood
moves through the atrioventricular
valves into the ventricles making
sure they are full.
Developed by Geran Call in partial
fulfillment for Master’s plan B
NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1
How the heart pumps blood
Once the muscles around the
ventricles contract, the
deoxygenated and oxygenated
blood leaves the ventricles through
the semilunar valve.
Developed by Geran Call in partial
fulfillment for Master’s plan B
NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1
How the heart pumps blood
The deoxygenated blood (blue)
leaves through the pulmonary
arteries traveling to the capillaries
contained in the lungs where the
blood is oxygenated. Once
oxygenated the blood returns to
the heart through the pulmonary
veins.
Developed by Geran Call in partial
fulfillment for Master’s plan B
NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1
How the heart pumps blood
The oxygenated blood (red) is
pushed out the semilunar valve
into the aorta. The aorta transports
the oxygenated blood to capillaries
of the abdominal organs, hind
limbs, head, and forelimbs. After
the blood is deoxygenated, it
returns to the heart.
Developed by Geran Call in partial
fulfillment for Master’s plan B
NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1
Electrical Activity
• What drives the cardiac
cycle is the sinoatrial
node (SA node). The
SA node is also known
as the pacemaker,
which sets the beat of
the heart. The SA node
is located in the right
atrium and triggers an
electrical impulse.
Developed by Geran Call in partial
fulfillment for Master’s plan B
NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1
Electrical Activity
• The SA Node
impulse causes the
atria to contract,
emptying their blood
into the ventricles
through the now
open atrioventricular
valves.
Developed by Geran Call in partial
fulfillment for Master’s plan B
NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1
Electrical Activity
• The atrioventricular
valves are closed as the
impulse reaches the
atrioventricular node
(AV node). This node
acts as a relay station
for the electrical
impulse sent from the
SA node, causing a
delay of the impulse
reaching the ventricles.
Developed by Geran Call in partial
fulfillment for Master’s plan B
NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1
Electrical Activity
• When the pulse is
released from the
AV node, it travels
down the walls of
the ventricles on
conductive
pathways known as
Purkinje fibers.
Developed by Geran Call in partial
fulfillment for Master’s plan B
NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1
Electrical Activity
• As the pulse travels
down the walls it is
causing the
ventricles to contract
from the bottom up,
squeezing the blood
through the
semilunar valves.
Developed by Geran Call in partial
fulfillment for Master’s plan B
NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1
Electrical Activity
• Once pulse has
ended, the heart
relaxes and the
chambers of the
heart passively fill
with blood to await
another impulse
from the SA node.
Developed by Geran Call in partial
fulfillment for Master’s plan B
NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1
The End
Developed by Geran Call in partial
fulfillment for Master’s plan B
NI Automation & Control lesson 3.1